ABAPALV面向对象方法_abap面向对象alv资源-CSDN文库

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### ABAP ALV面向对象方法 #### 概述 ABAP ALV（Application List Viewer）是一种在SAP系统中用于创建、管理和展示列表的技术。它提供了丰富的功能来处理数据列表，如排序、筛选、分组等。随着面向对象编程在ABAP中的引入，ALV也得到了增强，支持更高级的功能和更简洁的代码编写方式。本文档旨在全面介绍ALV面向对象的写法，为读者提供一个深入理解ABAP面向对象方法的基础。 #### 重要概念与术语 1. **ALV Grid Control**: ALV Grid Control是ALV的一个关键组件，用于显示列表数据。通过面向对象的方式，开发者可以更灵活地控制和操作Grid Control。 2. **面向对象编程(OOP)**: OOP是一种编程范式，强调将数据和处理这些数据的方法组织在一起形成类(class)。在ABAP中，OOP允许开发者创建更可重用、可维护和扩展的代码。 3. **Field Catalog**: Field Catalog是ALV中定义列表列属性的地方，包括列名、宽度、对齐方式等。它是构建ALV的关键步骤之一。 4. **Building Blocks**: Building Blocks是指构成ALV的基本组件和技术细节。这些组件包括数据源、字段目录、事件处理器等。 #### 构建ALV Grid Control 1. **General Scheme** - 创建ALV Grid Control的第一步是确定其总体架构。这包括选择合适的控件类型(如网格、树状结构或组合视图)以及确定数据来源。 - 需要定义的数据源可以是从数据库表中获取的数据，也可以是从ABAP内部表中获取的数据。 2. **Building Field Catalog** - **Structure of a Field Catalog**: - 字段目录是ALV的核心组成部分，它定义了列表中每一列的外观和行为。 - 通常，字段目录会包含每列的名称、宽度、对齐方式、标题文本等属性。 - **Building Field Catalog Manually**: - 在早期版本的ABAP中，构建字段目录通常是手动完成的。开发者需要逐个定义每列的属性，并通过程序代码设置这些属性。 - **Building Field Catalog Semi-Automatically**: - 随着ABAP的发展，现在可以通过一些内置工具和API来简化字段目录的创建过程。 - 例如，使用`ALV_GRID_TABLE_CREATE`函数导入表结构时，系统会自动根据表结构生成初始的字段目录，开发者只需根据需要调整即可。 3. **面向对象实现ALV** - 在面向对象的ABAP中，ALV的实现变得更加模块化和可扩展。 - 可以通过继承自`cl_salv_table`的类来创建自定义的ALV Grid Control实例。 - 开发者还可以利用事件驱动机制来响应用户交互，如行选择、排序请求等。 - 通过面向对象的方法，可以轻松地添加新的功能，比如自定义工具栏、上下文菜单等。 #### 实例代码片段示例下面是一个简单的面向对象ALV Grid Control的创建示例： ```abap DATA(lv_data_tab) = VALUE #( ( matnr = '1000' werks = '1000' ) ( matnr = '1001' werks = '1001' ) ). CREATE OBJECT lo_grid TYPE cl_salv_table. lo_grid->set_table_for_first_display( itab = lv_data_tab ). lo_grid->set_event_handler( EXPORTING event_handler = lo_grid_handler ). lo_grid->display( ). ``` 这段代码首先定义了一个包含材料编号和工厂编号的简单数据表`lv_data_tab`。然后创建了一个`cl_salv_table`类型的对象`lo_grid`，并设置了要显示的数据表。通过调用`display`方法来显示ALV Grid Control。 #### 结论通过面向对象的方法实现ALV不仅使得代码更加清晰和易于维护，还极大地提高了开发效率。了解如何使用面向对象技术来构建ALV Grid Control对于任何希望提高SAP开发技能的ABAP开发者来说都是至关重要的。掌握了这些基础后，开发者可以进一步探索更多高级功能，如动态列布局调整、复杂数据绑定等，从而更好地满足业务需求。

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ALV GRID CONTROL

Serdar ŞİMŞEKLE

2004, Ankara TURKE

Table of Contents

Purpose..........................................................................................................................1

Prerequisites .................................................................................................................1

A. Introduction.............................................................................................................1

B. Building Blocks........................................................................................................1

B.1. General Scheme..................................................................................................2

B.2. Building Field Catalog .......................................................................................7

B.2.1. Structure of a Field Catalog ........................................................................7

B.2.2. Building Field Catalog Manually...............................................................9

B.2.3. Building Field Catalog Semi-Automatically............................................10

B.3. Layout Adjustments .........................................................................................12

B.4. Printing Adjustments........................................................................................14

B.5. Excluding Unwanted Standard Function Buttons............................................15

C. Non-Event Based Additional Functionalities .....................................................16

C.1. Changing Field Catalog or Layout after First Display.....................................16

C.2. Setting Sort Conditions ....................................................................................16

C.3. Filtering............................................................................................................17

C.4. Making Selections............................................................................................18

C.5. Retrieving and Setting Scroll Status Info.........................................................19

C.6. Coloring............................................................................................................19

C.6.1. Coloring an Entire Column .......................................................................20

C.6.2. Coloring an Entire Row.............................................................................20

C.6.3. Coloring Individual Cells..........................................................................21

C.7. Inserting Hyperlinks.........................................................................................22

C.8. Making Fields as Dropdown Menus ................................................................23

C.9. Managing variants............................................................................................24

D. Event Based Additional Functionalities..............................................................25

D.1. General Scheme for the Event Handler Class..................................................26

D.2. Hotspot Clicking ..............................................................................................28

D.3. Double Clicking...............................................................................................29

D.4. Pushbuttons On The List..................................................................................29

D.5. Adding Your Own Functions...........................................................................30

D.6. Overriding Standard Functions........................................................................32

D.7. Context Menus.................................................................................................32

D.8. About printing..................................................................................................33

D.9. Making ALV Grid Editable .............................................................................34

D.10. Controlling Data Changes..............................................................................35

D.11. Linking F1 Help to Fields..............................................................................36

D.12. Linking F4 Help to Fields..............................................................................37

E. A Piece of Troubleshooting...................................................................................38

TRADEMARKS..........................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

Purpose

The purpose of this tutorial is to provide an easy and quick reference that may

be used as a guide while coding to build lists using ALV Grid Control. Actually, there

is easy-to-reach information about implementing ALV Grid lists. However, it is

generally required to find the information sought in a quicker way. This tutorial

handles this, being a condensed source that can be used as a “guide.” It will not deal

with the technical infrastructure on which ALV lays. Some of the tables are taken

from the online SAP Library, which is the most trustable source about the topic.

Shortly, this will be a booklet summarizing major capabilities of the ALV Grid

Control.

To get deep into the ALV Grid control, you can refer to the standard SAP

course “BC412 – ABAP Dialog Programming Using EnjoySAP Controls” and the

book “Controls Technology”. Also you had better inspect demo programs.

Prerequisites

To use ALV Grid Control in a simple manner, it will be sufficient just having

experience on dialog programming. However, to make use of more capabilities, it is

required some knowledge on object-oriented perspective of ABAP programming. A

general knowledge on control framework is supposed to exist.

A. Introduction

Here is the definition for ALV from SAP Help:

“The ALV Grid control is a flexible tool for displaying lists. The tool provides

common list operations as generic functions and can be enhanced by self-defined

options.”

The ALV Grid control is used to build non-hierarchical, interactive, and

modern-design lists. As a control, it is a component that is installed on the local PC.

The ALV Grid control provides typical list functions as sorting, filtering,

summing, etc.,while also gives the opportunity to develop user functions where

needed. It presents numerous interfaces like Excel Inplace and Crystal Reports.

The wrapper class implemented to encapsulate ALV Grid functionality is

“CL_GUI_ALV_GRID”. There is another way to display lists with ALV utilizing

“REUSE_ALV...” functions. However, that way is not comprised in this tutorial.

B. Building Blocks

While preparing a list to be displayed via an ALV grid control, we have some

basic components to prepare. These are;

List data: Obviously, this is the data in an internal table to be listed. Standard

ALV functions except sorting makes just read access to the list data.

However, sorting changes state of the internal table. The internal table

holding list data may be of any flat type. Deep types are only allowed

when set for some functionalities of ALV Grid.

ii.

Field Catalog: We use another internal table to define specifications on how

the fields of our list will be displayed. This internal table is called the

“field catalog”. The field catalog must comprise some technical and

additional information about display options for each column to be

displayed. There are three procedures to generate the field catalog as

“Automatic generation”, “Semi-automatic generation”, and “Manual

generation”. The internal table for the field catalog must be referenced to

the dictionary type “LVC_T_FCAT”.

iii.

Layout Structure: We fill a structure to specify general layout options for the

grid. With this structure we can set general display options, grid

customizing, totals options, color adjustments etc... The layout structure

must be of type “LVC_S_LAYO”.

iv.

Event Handler: We should define and implement an event handler class if

we want to handle events triggered by the ALV Grid instance. After

creating ALV Grid instance, we must register an instance of this event

handler class to handle ALV Grid events.

Additional Data: To trigger some additional features of ALV Grid we can

have some additional data to pass as parameters. For example, initial

sorting criteria, buttons to be deactivated, etc...

B.1. General Scheme

Now, we can figure out a primitive scheme to prepare our ALV Grid. As a

control object, ALV Grid instance requires a container to be linked to the screen.

Generally, an instance of the class “

cl_gui_custom_container” is used for this

purpose. Instances of some other container classes such as

“

cl_gui_docking_container”, “cl_gui_dialogbox_container” may also be

used. In our example we take a custom container. To create a custom container

instance, we need a custom control area on the screen.

Step 1 Add a custom control on the screen which will be related to the

custom container. Let’s give it the name ‘CC_ALV’.

Step 2  Declare global variables to be used for ALV Grid.

Code Part 1 – Global data definitions for ALV

*-- Global data definitions for ALV

*--- ALV Grid instance reference

DATA gr_alvgrid TYPE REF TO cl_gui_alv_grid .

*--- Name of the custom control added on the screen

DATA gc_custom_control_name TYPE scrfname VALUE ‘CC_ALV’ .

*--- Custom container instance reference

DATA gr_ccontainer TYPE REF TO cl_gui_custom_container .

*--- Field catalog table

DATA gt_fieldcat TYPE lvc_t_fcat .

*--- Layout structure

DATA gs_layout TYPE lvc_s_layo .

Step 3  Declare your internal table which is supposed to hold the list data.

Let’s name it “gt_list”. Here is an example declaration.

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