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ZigBee-2006 协议栈的实现及其应用 中文摘要
I
ZigBee-2006 协议栈的实现及其应用
中文摘要
ZigBee 作为一种基于开放性国际标准的低成本、低功耗、低数据速率、低复杂
度、高可靠性的新型短距离无线通信技术,在能源管理和效率、家庭自动化、楼宇自
动化、工业自动化以及无线传感网络等领域具有十分广阔的应用前景,已经成为当前
的一个研究和应用热点。
但是,ZigBee 技术在国内的发展和应用还不够。虽然也存在一些提供 ZigBee 软
硬件模块的厂商,但是其 ZigBee 协议栈一般都是基于国外的商业协议栈或者功能简
单的免费协议栈。上述状况所造成的学习和研究 ZigBee 技术细节平台的缺乏反过来
也影响了 ZigBee 技术在国内的发展。
本文从技术研究与实际应用的角度出发,基于 Freescale 的 MC13213 芯片构建了
单芯片的 ZigBee 硬件平台,深入研读了 IEEE 802.15.4 标准和 ZigBee-2006 协议规范,
详细阐述了 ZigBee 协议物理层、MAC 层和网络层的设计和实现过程,最终实现了一
个功能有所裁剪的 ZigBee 协议栈。剖析了底层驱动程序实现过程中所遇到的 SPI 事
务操作问题的根源;针对 MAC 层众多属性提出了一种高效的管理方法;针对 ZigBee
网络层路由算法的复杂性,实现了原理简单易于理解但功能只是稍许减弱的 AODVjr
协议。由于本协议栈中采用了分布式地址分配机制,所以也支持树状层次路由。最后,
在自主研发的软硬件平台上,给出了一个车间设备监控系统的应用实例,验证了软硬
件平台的可行性和正确性,并分析和实现了系统中 ZigBee 节点的低功耗。
本文所实现的 ZigBee 软硬件平台可以直接作为一个独立的模块用于实际项目
中,也可以作为研究 ZigBee 协议的基础平台,具有一定的参考价值和借鉴意义。
关键词:ZigBee 协议,IEEE 802.15.4,无线个域网,MC13213,低功耗
作 者:倪敬飞
指导老师:王宜怀
![](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download_crawler_static/89463438/bg2.jpg)
Abstract Implementation and Application of ZigBee-2006 Protocol Stack
II
Implementation and Application of ZigBee-2006
Protocol Stack
Abstract
ZigBee is an open international standards-based novel short-range wireless communication
technology with cost-effective, low-power consumption, low data-rates, low-complexity and high
reliability, which has very broad application prospects on Energy Management and Efficiency, Home
Automation, Building Automation, Industrial Automation and Wireless Sensor Networks. ZigBee has
become a research and application hotspot currently.
However, the domestic development of ZigBee is not good enough. Although there are some
related hardware and software vendors, the protocol stacks running on their hardware are generally
based on foreign commercial protocol stacks or simplified free protocol stacks. The lack of study and
research platform for ZigBee technical details caused by the above-mentioned situation may also affect
the domestic development of ZigBee technology in return.
This paper provides a implementation of ZigBee-2006 protocol stack with some function cut-off
from the view of technical research and practical application. The ZigBee hardware platform is
constructed with Freescale's SiP MC13213. IEEE 802.15.4 standard and ZigBee-2006 specification are
deeply studied and analyzed. This paper describes and implements the ZigBee PHY, MAC and NWK
layer in detail, and analyzes the the root causes of SPI transaction protocol problem occurred in
implementing the hardware driver. A highly efficient method is put forward to solve the problem of the
management of numerous MAC PIB attributes. AODVjr algorithm is addressed to reduce the
complexity of routing algorithm in ZigBee NWK layer, and the hierarchical routing is also supported
since the use of distributed address assignment mechanism. Finally, a workshop devices monitoring
system is carried out to verify the feasibility and correctness of the independent research and
development hardware and software platform, and the low power consumption of the system is also
analyzed and solved.
The platform can be directly used as an independent module in practical project, and it also has a
valuable reference value in offering as the basic platform for the study and research of ZigBee protocol.
Key words: ZigBee protocol, IEEE 802.15.4, Wireless Personal Area Network(WPAN), MC13213,
low power
Written by Ni Jingfei
Supervised by Wang Yihuai
![](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download_crawler_static/89463438/bg3.jpg)
目 录
第一章 绪论.......................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 课题背景..................................................................................................................... 1
1.1.1 ZigBee 概述及其发展历程 .................................................................................. 1
1.1.2 ZigBee 应用领域和目标市场 .............................................................................. 3
1.2 国内外研究现状......................................................................................................... 5
1.2.1 ZigBee 联盟 .......................................................................................................... 5
1.2.2 ZigBee 软硬件 ...................................................................................................... 6
1.2.3 ZigBee 在中国 ...................................................................................................... 7
1.3 本文研究内容与意义................................................................................................. 8
1.3.1 本文研究内容...................................................................................................... 8
1.3.2 研究意义.............................................................................................................. 8
1.4 论文结构..................................................................................................................... 9
第二章 相关技术分析........................................................................................................ 10
2.1 IEEE 802.15.4 标准 ................................................................................................... 10
2.1.1 服务原语简介.................................................................................................... 10
2.1.2 标准概述及特点................................................................................................ 11
2.2 ZigBee 协议规范 ....................................................................................................... 11
2.2.1 协议体系结构.................................................................................................... 11
2.2.2 各协议版本比较................................................................................................ 13
2.3 扩频通信技术........................................................................................................... 14
2.3.1 基本概念和特点................................................................................................ 14
2.3.2 理论基础............................................................................................................ 14
2.3.3 工作原理............................................................................................................ 14
2.4 相关概念澄清........................................................................................................... 15
2.4.1 IEEE 802.15.4 与 ZigBee ................................................................................... 15
2.4.2 设备类型............................................................................................................ 15
2.4.3 协调者和 PAN 协调者 ...................................................................................... 16
2.5 本章小结................................................................................................................... 16
第三章 ZigBee 物理层的研究与实现 ............................................................................... 17
![](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download_crawler_static/89463438/bg4.jpg)
3.1 ZigBee 物理层概述 ................................................................................................... 17
3.1.1 工作频段和数据传输速率................................................................................ 17
3.1.2 信道分配和编号................................................................................................ 17
3.1.3 物理层模型和服务原语.................................................................................... 18
3.2 ZigBee 硬件设计 ....................................................................................................... 18
3.2.1 ZigBee 硬件选型 ................................................................................................ 18
3.2.2 MC13213 芯片简介 ........................................................................................... 19
3.2.3 ZigBee 硬件设计与实现 .................................................................................... 23
3.2.4 硬件的焊接和测试............................................................................................ 27
3.3 物理层功能实现....................................................................................................... 28
3.3.1 底层硬件驱动程序的实现................................................................................ 28
3.3.2 设置 Modem 运行模式 ..................................................................................... 31
3.3.3 物理层数据包的收发........................................................................................ 32
3.3.4 空闲信道评估/能量检测 .................................................................................. 35
3.3.5 IRQ 中断处理程序............................................................................................. 36
3.3.6 物理层属性的设置和获取................................................................................ 36
3.3.7 遇到的问题及解决方法.................................................................................... 37
3.3.8 ZigBee 物理层工程组织结构 ............................................................................ 39
3.4 物理层测试............................................................................................................... 39
3.4.1 SPI 单次读写事务的正确性测试 ...................................................................... 39
3.4.2 物理层数据包的收发测试................................................................................ 39
3.5 本章小结................................................................................................................... 41
第四章 ZigBee MAC 层的研究与实现............................................................................. 42
4.1 ZigBee MAC 层概述................................................................................................. 42
4.1.1 MAC 层简介 ...................................................................................................... 42
4.1.2 MAC 层模型和服务原语 .................................................................................. 42
4.1.3 IEEE 802.15.4 的网络结构和地址类型 ............................................................ 43
4.1.4 MAC 层的几个概念 .......................................................................................... 44
4.2 MAC 帧类型及格式 ................................................................................................. 46
4.3 MAC 层功能实现 ..................................................................................................... 48
4.3.1 MAC 层连接与响应过程 .................................................................................. 48
4.3.2 MAC 层数据的发送和接收 .............................................................................. 48
4.3.3 MAC 层属性的高效管理 .................................................................................. 51
![](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download_crawler_static/89463438/bg5.jpg)
4.3.4 MAC 命令帧的实现 .......................................................................................... 53
4.4 MAC 层测试 ............................................................................................................. 53
4.5 本章小结................................................................................................................... 54
第五章 ZigBee 网络层的研究与实现 ............................................................................... 55
5.1 ZigBee 网络层概述 ................................................................................................... 55
5.1.1 网络层简介........................................................................................................ 55
5.1.2 网络层模型和服务原语.................................................................................... 55
5.1.3 ZigBee 的网络结构和通信方式 ........................................................................ 56
5.1.4 网络帧类型及格式............................................................................................ 57
5.2 无线自组网常用路由协议....................................................................................... 57
5.2.1 表驱动路由协议................................................................................................ 58
5.2.2 按需驱动路由协议............................................................................................ 59
5.3 网络层功能实现....................................................................................................... 60
5.3.1 网络的建立........................................................................................................ 60
5.3.2 节点加入网络.................................................................................................... 61
5.3.3 网络地址分配机制............................................................................................ 63
5.3.4 网络层数据的发送和接收................................................................................ 64
5.3.5 网络命令帧的实现............................................................................................ 65
5.3.6 网络层路由功能的实现.................................................................................... 66
5.4 网络层测试............................................................................................................... 68
5.5 本章小结................................................................................................................... 68
第六章 ZigBee 在车间设备监控系统中的应用 ............................................................... 70
6.1 系统概述及构成....................................................................................................... 70
6.1.1 设备管理的必要性............................................................................................ 70
6.1.2 现存系统的缺陷及 ZigBee 技术的优势 .......................................................... 70
6.1.3 基于 ZigBee 的车间设备监控系统的整体结构 .............................................. 71
6.2 设备监控节点........................................................................................................... 71
6.3 数据管理中心........................................................................................................... 72
6.3.1 功能概述............................................................................................................ 72
6.3.2 管理功能的实现................................................................................................ 72
6.4 低功耗考虑............................................................................................................... 74
6.5 本章小结................................................................................................................... 76
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