Contents
Glossary ............................................................................................................................................................... 3
Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................... 4
Review of the Literature ..................................................................................................................................... 5
An Overview of Haiti’s Foreign Exchange Market ........................................................................................... 7
Understanding the 2020-2021 Episode ........................................................................................................... 11
Drivers of the 2020-2021 Exchange Rate Developments ............................................................................ 12
Implications of Exchange Rate Developments ............................................................................................. 14
Policy Considerations ...................................................................................................................................... 18
Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................................... 19
Annex I. Estimation of an Exchange Rate Model Calibrated for Haiti .......................................................... 21
Model Details ................................................................................................................................................ 21
A VECM of Haiti’s Nominal Exchange Rate .......................................................................................... 21
Results ................................................................................................................................................... 22
Short-Run Dynamics ............................................................................................................................. 23
Annex II. Modeling the Volatility of Haiti’s Nominal Exchange Rate ............................................................ 25
Model Details ................................................................................................................................................ 25
A GARCH(1,1) Model of Haiti’s Nominal Exchange Rate ..................................................................... 25
Results ................................................................................................................................................... 26
Discussion ............................................................................................................................................. 26
Annex III. Estimating Exchange Rate Pass-Through to Inflation in Haiti and Regional Peers .................. 30
Model Details ................................................................................................................................................ 30
Model 1: the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Model of Exchange Rate Pass-through .......... 30
Model 2: A VECM Estimation of Exchange Rate Pass-through ............................................................ 30
Discussion ............................................................................................................................................. 31
Annex IV. Assessing the Sensitivity of Exports and Remittances to Exchange Rate Movements ........... 35
Model Details ................................................................................................................................................ 35
Model 1: Exports and the REER ............................................................................................................ 36
Model 2: Imports and the REER ............................................................................................................ 37
Model 3: Remittances and the REER .................................................................................................... 39
References ......................................................................................................................................................... 41
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