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### C# Primer: A Practical Approach #### 概述《C# Primer: A Practical Approach》是一本详尽、示例驱动的介绍性书籍，旨在帮助读者掌握C#这门面向对象编程语言。作者斯坦利·B·利普曼（Stanley B. Lippman）以其著名的入门格式为读者呈现了C#的核心概念和技术。C#是微软.NET平台的基石之一，继承了Java和C++的许多特性，并且因其高效能和灵活性而成为开发Windows和Web应用程序及组件的首选语言。 #### 基础概念与特性本书首先介绍了C#的基础概念，包括命名空间（namespace）、异常处理（exception handling）以及统一类型系统（unified type system）。这些基础概念是理解和应用C#的关键。 - **命名空间**：命名空间是组织类和其他类型的一种方式，用于避免名称冲突。通过将相关的类和接口分组到命名空间中，可以提高代码的可读性和可维护性。 - **异常处理**：异常处理机制允许程序在运行时检测错误并做出相应的响应。C#提供了一套强大的异常处理工具，包括try-catch-finally结构，这对于编写健壮的应用程序至关重要。 - **统一类型系统**：C#具有一个统一的类型系统，这意味着所有类型都从基类Object派生而来。这种设计简化了类型的处理，并增强了代码的一致性和互操作性。 #### .NET类库与数据库连接本书还深入探讨了.NET类库的各种领域，包括ADO.NET及其如何建立数据库连接和使用XML。这些内容对于实现数据密集型应用程序至关重要。 - **ADO.NET**：ADO.NET是.NET框架的一部分，用于访问各种数据源，如关系数据库和XML文档。本书介绍了如何使用ADO.NET进行数据检索、更新和管理，以及如何利用其连接池等高级功能提高性能。 - **数据库连接**：本书提供了关于如何在C#应用程序中建立和管理数据库连接的指导。通过连接字符串和连接对象，开发者可以轻松地与数据库交互。 #### XML编程 C#提供了丰富的XML编程支持。本书涵盖了如何使用firehose模型和DOM解析器模型来处理XML数据，以及如何使用XSLT、XPath和模式（schemas）对XML数据进行转换和验证。 - **Firehose和DOM解析器模型**：Firehose模型适用于大量XML数据的快速处理，而DOM解析器则更适合于需要随机访问节点的场景。了解这两种模型有助于选择最适合特定需求的技术。 - **XSLT和XPath**：XSLT用于将XML文档转换成另一种格式，而XPath则用于在XML文档中查找信息。这些技术对于处理复杂的XML数据非常有用。 - **XML模式**：XML模式定义了XML文档的结构和约束条件。了解如何创建和应用模式对于确保数据的有效性和一致性至关重要。 #### ASP.NET Web Forms 本书还重点介绍了ASP.NET Web Forms框架，包括页面生命周期管理和缓存策略。通过大量的实例，读者可以学习如何构建高性能的Web应用程序。 - **页面生命周期**：了解ASP.NET Web表单页面的生命周期对于有效地控制页面状态和执行特定事件至关重要。 - **缓存**：本书还介绍了ASP.NET中的缓存技术，包括输出缓存、数据缓存和片段缓存等。缓存可以显著提高Web应用程序的性能和响应速度。 #### .NET Common Language Runtime (CLR) 本书介绍了.NET Common Language Runtime (CLR)，这是.NET框架的核心部分。CLR负责管理内存分配、垃圾回收、类型安全性以及其他运行时服务，从而为C#等语言提供了一个安全、高效和稳定的执行环境。《C# Primer: A Practical Approach》是一本全面、实用的指南，不仅覆盖了C#语言本身的核心特性，还涉及了.NET框架的各种高级主题，非常适合希望深入学习C#及其相关技术的开发者。通过阅读本书，读者不仅可以提高自己的Web编程能力，还可以增强生产力，为未来的项目打下坚实的基础。

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C# Primer: A Practical Approach

By Stanley B. Lippman

Now Stan Lippman brings you C# using his famed primer format. C# PRIMER is a

comprehensive, example-driven introduction to this new object-oriented programming

language.

C# is a cornerstone of Microsoft's new .NET platform. Inheriting many features from both

Java and C++, C# is destined to become the high-level programming language of choice

for building high-performance Windows and Web applications and components--from XML-

based Web services to middle-tier business objects and system-level applications.

First, you will tour the language, looking at built-in features such as the class mechanism,

class inheritance, and interface inheritance--all while you build small programs. Next, you

will explore the various library domains supported within the .NET class framework. You

will also learn how to use the language and class framework to solve problems and build

quality programs.

Highlights include:

• Covers fundamentals such as namespaces, exception handling, and unified type

system

• Presents a wide-ranging tour of the .NET class library, introducing ADO.NET and

establishing database connections and the use of XML

• Provides XML programming using the firehose and DOM parser models, XSLT,

XPATH, and schemas

• Focuses on ASP.NET Web Form Designer, walking through the page life-cycle and

caching, and providing a large number of examples.

• Introduces .NET Common Language Runtime (CLR)

Adding C# to your toolbox will not only improve your Web-based programming ability, but

also increase your productivity. C# PRIMER provides a solid foundation to build upon and a

refreshingly unbiased voice on Microsoft's vehicle to effective and efficient Web-based

programming.

Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products

are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book and Addison-

Wesley, Inc. was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed with

initial capital letters or all capitals.

The author and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this book, but make no

expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or

omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection

with or arising out of the use of the information or programs contained herein.

Illustrations in Figures 6.7 and 6.17 by Elena Driskill. Reprinted with permission.

Working your way through the text should jump-start your C# programming skills. In

addition, you'll become familiar with a good swatch of the .NET class framework. All the

program code is available for download at my company's Web site

www.objectwrite.com.

Mail can be sent to me directly at

slippman@objectwrite.com.

Organization of the Book

The book is organized into eight relatively long chapters. The first four chapters focus on

the C# language, looking at the built-in language features, the class mechanism, class

inheritance, and interface inheritance. The second four chapters explore the various library

domains supported within the .NET class framework.

Chapter 1 covers the basic language, as well as some of the fundamental classes provided

within the class framework. The discussion is driven by the design of a small program.

Concepts such as namespaces, exception handling, and the unified type system are

introduced.

Chapter 2 covers the fundamentals of building classes. We look at access permission,

distinguish between

const and readonly members, and cover specialized methods such

as indexers and properties. We walk through the different strategies of member

initialization, as well as the rules for operator overloading and conversion operators. We

look at the

delegate type, which serves as a kind of universal pointer to a function.

Chapters 3 and 4 cover, in turn, class and interface inheritance. Class inheritance allows us to

define a family of specialized types that override a generic interface, such as an abstract

WebRequest base class and a protocol-specific HttpWebRequest subtype. Interface

inheritance, on the other hand, allows us to provide a common service or shared attribute

for otherwise unrelated types. For example, the IDisposable interface frees resources.

Classes holding database connections or window handles are both likely to implement

IDisposable, although they are otherwise unrelated.

Chapter 5 provides a wide-ranging tour of the .NET class library. We look at input and output,

including file and directory manipulation, regular expressions, sockets and thread

programming, the

WebRequest and WebResponse class hierarchies, a brief introduction

ADO.NET and establishing database connections, and the use of XML.

Chapters 6 and 7 cover, in turn, drag-and-drop Windows Forms and Web Forms development.

Chapter 7 focuses on ASP.NET, and the Web page life cycle. Both chapters provide lots of

examples of using the prebuilt controls and attaching event handlers for user interaction.

The final chapter provides a programmer's introduction to the .NET Common Language

Runtime. It focuses on assemblies, type reflection, and attributes, and concludes with a

brief look at the underlying intermediate language that is the compilation target of all .NET

languages.

Written for Programmers

The book does not assume that you know C++, Visual Basic, or Java. But it does assume

that you have programmed in some language. So, for example, I don't assume that you

know the exact syntax of the C#

foreach loop statement, but I do assume that you know

what a loop is. Although I will illustrate how to invoke a function in C#, I assume you know

what I mean when I say we "invoke a function." This text does not require previous

knowledge of object-oriented programming or of the earlier versions of ASP and ADO.

Some people—some very bright people—argue that under .NET, the programming

language is secondary to the underlying Common Language Runtime (CLR) upon which the

languages float like the continents on tectonic plates. I don't agree. Language is how we

express ourselves, and the choice of one's language affects the design of our programs.

The underlying assumption of this book is that C# is the preferred language for .NET

programming.

The book is organized into eight relatively long chapters. The first set of four chapters

focuses on the C# language, looking at the built-in language features, the class

mechanism, class inheritance, and interface inheritance. The second set of four chapters

explores the various library domains supported within the .NET class framework, such as

regular expressions, threading, sockets, Windows Forms,

ASP.NET, and the Common

Language Runtime.

Lexical Conventions

Type names, objects, and keywords are set off in Courier font, as in int, a predefined

language type;

Console, a class defined in the framework; maxCount, an object defined

either as a data member or as a local object within a function; and foreach, one of the

predefined loop statements. Function names are followed by an empty pair of parentheses,

as in

WriteLine(). The first introduction of a concept, such as garbage collection or data

encapsulation, is highlighted in italics. These conventions are intended to make the text

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