### 全国博士英语词汇大纲知识点详解
#### 一、前言
《全国博士英语统一考试词汇大纲》是一本旨在帮助准备参加全国博士英语统一考试的学习者掌握必备词汇的重要参考资料。该书由starch收集整理，仅用于学习交流，版权归属于原作者。以下是根据该大纲内容整理的一些关键词汇及其含义，旨在帮助读者更好地理解和记忆这些词汇。
#### 二、词汇详解
##### 1. **Abate**
- **词性**：动词
- **含义**：减轻，减退；废除
- **例句**：The storm finally abated after causing widespread damage.
##### 2. **Aberrant**
- **词性**：形容词
- **含义**：畸变的；异常的；脱离常轨的
- **例句**：His behavior was considered aberrant by his peers.
##### 3. **Ablate**
- **词性**：动词
- **含义**：切除，摘除
- **例句**：Doctors decided to ablate the damaged tissue.
##### 4. **Abortion**
- **词性**：名词
- **含义**：流产，早产；(计划等的)失败，夭折
- **例句**：The project ended in abortion due to lack of funding.
##### 5. **Abraid**
- **词性**：动词
- **含义**：擦伤；磨损
- **例句**：The rock abraded my hand as I climbed up.
##### 6. **Abscess**
- **词性**：名词
- **含义**：脓肿
- **例句**：The patient developed an abscess in the leg after the injury.
##### 7. **Abstain**
- **词性**：动词
- **含义**：戒、避免；弃权
- **例句**：He abstained from alcohol during the detox program.
##### 8. **Abstinence**
- **词性**：名词
- **含义**：节制；禁欲
- **例句**：She practiced abstinence to maintain a healthy lifestyle.
##### 9. **Absurd**
- **词性**：形容词
- **含义**：荒唐的
- **例句**：His idea was so absurd that nobody took it seriously.
##### 10. **Accessory**
- **词性**：名词
- **含义**：附件，附属品；同谋，帮凶
- **例句**：The watch came with several useful accessories.
##### 11. **Accordance**
- **词性**：名词
- **含义**：一致，给予
- **例句**：Her actions were in accordance with her principles.
##### 12. **Accountant**
- **词性**：名词
- **含义**：会计
- **例句**：I hired an accountant to prepare my tax returns.
##### 13. **Accuse**
- **词性**：动词
- **含义**：谴责，指控，告发
- **例句**：He was accused of stealing the company’s funds.
##### 14. **Achromatopsia**
- **词性**：名词
- **含义**：色盲
- **例句**：Achromatopsia is a condition where individuals cannot distinguish certain colors.
##### 15. **Acidosis**
- **词性**：名词
- **含义**：酸中毒
- **例句**：The patient was diagnosed with acidosis after a metabolic test.
##### 16. **Acknowledge**
- **词性**：动词
- **含义**：承认；致谢
- **例句**：She acknowledged the team’s effort in her speech.
##### 17. **Acknowledgement**
- **词性**：名词
- **含义**：承认，感谢；收到的通知
- **例句**：We sent them an acknowledgement for their donation.
##### 18. **Acne**
- **词性**：名词
- **含义**：痤疮，粉刺
- **例句**：Teenagers often suffer from acne due to hormonal changes.
##### 19. **Acoustic**
- **词性**：形容词
- **含义**：声学的；听觉的
- **例句**：The room was designed with acoustic panels to improve sound quality.
##### 20. **Acquaint**
- **词性**：动词
- **含义**：使认识，使了解，通知
- **例句**：I will acquaint you with the details of our plan later.
##### 21. **Acupuncture**
- **词性**：名词
- **含义**：针刺，针刺疗法
- **例句**：He sought acupuncture treatment for chronic pain.
##### 22. **Addict**
- **词性**：动词
- **含义**：使沉溺，使醉心；使成瘾
- **例句**：Many people become addicted to video games.
##### 23. **Adduce**
- **词性**：动词
- **含义**：引证；提出
- **例句**：In court, they adduced evidence to support their case.
##### 24. **Adequate**
- **词性**：形容词
- **含义**：足够的；恰当的
- **例句**：The training provided was adequate for the task.
##### 25. **Admonish**
- **词性**：动词
- **含义**：告诫
- **例句**：The teacher admonished the student for tardiness.
##### 26. **Advisory**
- **词性**：形容词
- **含义**：咨询的，劝告的
- **例句**：The advisory board recommended a new strategy.
##### 27. **Advocate**
- **词性**：名词/动词
- **含义**：拥护者，提倡者
- **例句**：She became an advocate for environmental protection.
##### 28. **Aerobic**
- **词性**：形容词
- **含义**：需氧的
- **例句**：Aerobic exercise helps improve cardiovascular health.
##### 29. **Afebrile**
- **词性**：形容词
- **含义**：无热的
- **例句**：The patient remained afebrile throughout the treatment.
##### 30. **Affection**
- **词性**：名词
- **含义**：爱；感情；病
- **例句**：She showed great affection towards her children.
##### 31. **Afferent**
- **词性**：形容词
- **含义**：传入的
- **例句**：Afferent nerve fibers carry sensory information to the brain.
##### 32. **Affiliate**
- **词性**：动词
- **含义**：使附属；隶属
- **例句**：The local branch was affiliated with the national organization.
##### 33. **Affinity**
- **词性**：名词
- **含义**：亲和力；密切关系
- **例句**：They had a strong affinity and worked well together.
##### 34. **Afflict**
- **词性**：动词
- **含义**：使苦恼，折磨
- **例句**：The disease afflicted him for years.
##### 35. **Aggressive**
- **词性**：形容词
- **含义**：爱寻衅的，侵略的；有进取心的
- **例句**：The aggressive sales tactics were effective but controversial.
##### 36. **Agile**
- **词性**：形容词
- **含义**：敏捷的，灵活的
- **例句**：The agile software development methodology emphasizes flexibility.
##### 37. **Agitate**
- **词性**：动词
- **含义**：搅动；激动,焦急不安
- **例句**：The crowd agitated for change.
##### 38. **Agony**
- **词性**：名词
- **含义**：苦恼，痛苦
- **例句**：The agony of losing a loved one can be overwhelming.
##### 39. **Ague**
- **词性**：名词
- **含义**：疟疾；寒颤
- **例句**：Ague is characterized by chills and fever.
##### 40. **Alga**
- **词性**：名词
- **含义**：水藻，海藻
- **例句**：The lake was covered in green algae.
##### 41. **Alleviate**
- **词性**：动词
- **含义**：减轻(痛苦)，缓和
- **例句**：Pain medication can help alleviate symptoms.
##### 42. **Alliance**
- **词性**：名词
- **含义**：联盟，同盟，联合，联姻
- **例句**：The two companies formed an alliance to expand their market reach.
##### 43. **Allowance**
- **词性**：名词
- **含义**：允许；津贴，补助(费)
- **例句**：The government provides a monthly allowance for low-income families.
##### 44. **Alloy**
- **词性**：名词/动词
- **含义**：合金
- **例句**：Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc.
##### 45. **Allude**
- **词性**：动词
- **含义**：暗指，提到
- **例句**：He alluded to the scandal without naming names.
##### 46. **Allure**
- **词性**：动词
- **含义**：引诱，吸引
- **例句**：The beauty of the island allured many tourists.
##### 47. **Almighty**
- **词性**：形容词
- **含义**：全能的；糟糕透的
- **例句**：The almighty power of nature is awe-inspiring.
##### 48. **Alphabet**
- **词性**：名词
- **含义**：字母表
- **例句**：Learning the alphabet is the first step in reading.
##### 49. **Aluminum**
- **词性**：名词
- **含义**：铝
- **例句**：Aluminum is used extensively in aircraft construction.
##### 50. **Alveolus**
- **词性**：名词
- **含义**：小窝，牙槽；肺泡
- **例句**：The alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs.
以上仅为部分词汇的解释与例句，通过这些详细解读，可以帮助学习者更好地理解并掌握这些词汇，为进一步学习英语奠定坚实的基础。
