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### S3C2451：三星16/32位RISC微处理器全面解析 #### 引言三星S3C2451是一款由三星电子有限公司开发的高性能、低功耗的16/32位RISC（精简指令集计算机）微处理器。作为三星最新发布的微处理器之一，S3C2451融合了先进的技术与设计，旨在为各种嵌入式系统提供强大的处理能力和灵活的扩展性。本文将基于用户手册，深入解析S3C2451的技术特性、架构优势以及其在嵌入式系统领域的应用前景。 #### 技术规格与特点 ##### 架构与性能 S3C2451采用ARM926EJ-S内核，支持16/32位指令集，运行频率可达400MHz，提供卓越的计算能力。它采用了先进的流水线技术和高速缓存机制，以实现高效的数据处理和指令执行。此外，S3C2451还集成了丰富的外设接口，如USB、I2C、SPI、UART等，增强了系统的互联性和可扩展性。 ##### 内存管理该处理器支持多种内存类型，包括SDRAM、NAND Flash和Nor Flash，能够根据应用需求灵活配置内存资源。S3C2451内置的内存控制器可以有效地管理数据存储和读取，提高系统整体性能。 ##### 能耗与热管理 S3C2451设计时充分考虑了能耗和热管理问题，通过动态电压和频率调整(DVFS)技术，能够在不同工作负载下自动调节处理器的功耗，从而延长电池寿命并降低设备温度。 #### 应用场景 S3C2451因其出色的性能和低功耗特性，在多个领域有着广泛的应用潜力： 1. **工业自动化**：S3C2451可用于构建智能工厂中的控制单元，处理传感器数据，实现精准的机器控制和实时监控。 2. **物联网(IoT)**：该处理器可以作为IoT设备的核心，支持无线通信模块，实现远程数据传输和设备管理。 3. **汽车电子**：在汽车行业中，S3C2451可以应用于车载信息娱乐系统、导航系统和安全监控系统，提升驾驶体验和车辆安全性。 4. **医疗设备**：对于便携式医疗设备而言，S3C2451的低功耗特性和高可靠性使其成为理想的选择，尤其是在电池供电的情况下。 #### 法律声明与注意事项三星电子在发布S3C2451用户手册时明确指出，尽管已尽最大努力确保文档的准确性，但不承担因信息错误或遗漏导致的任何责任。三星保留随时修改产品规格的权利，而无需提前通知，并且没有义务更新文档来反映这些变化。此外，三星强调，其产品并未授权用于生命支持系统或其他可能危及人身安全的应用场景，购买者需自行承担因不当使用产生的所有法律责任。 #### 结论三星S3C2451以其先进的架构设计、优秀的性能表现和广泛的适用性，在嵌入式系统领域展现出巨大潜力。无论是工业自动化、物联网、汽车电子还是医疗设备，S3C2451都能提供可靠的支持。然而，对于潜在的购买者来说，了解产品的限制和正确应用范围至关重要，以确保安全合规的使用。

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USER'S MANUAL

S3C2451

16/32-Bit RISC Microprocessor

March 2009

REV 1.10

Confidential Proprietary of Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd

Important Notice

The information in this publication has been carefully

checked and is believed to be entirely accurate at

the time of publication. Samsung assumes no

responsibility, however, for possible errors or

omissions, or for any consequences resulting from

the use of the information contained herein.

Samsung reserves the right to make changes in its

products or product specifications with the intent to

improve function or design at any time and without

notice and is not required to update this

documentation to reflect such changes.

This publication does not convey to a purchaser of

semiconductor devices described herein any license

under the patent rights of Samsung or others.

Samsung makes no warranty, representation, or

guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for

any particular purpose, nor does Samsung assume

any liability arising out of the application or use of

any product or circuit and specifically disclaims any

and all liability, including without limitation any

consequential or incidental damages.

"Typical" parameters can and do vary in different

applications. All operating parameters, including

"Typicals" must be validated for each customer

application by the customer's technical experts.

Samsung products are not designed, intended, or

authorized for use as components in systems

intended for surgical implant into the body, for other

applications intended to support or sustain life, or for

any other application in which the failure of the

Samsung product could create a situation where

personal injury or death may occur.

Should the Buyer purchase or use a Samsung

product for any such unintended or unauthorized

application, the Buyer shall indemnify and hold

Samsung and its officers, employees, subsidiaries,

affiliates, and distributors harmless against all

claims, costs, damages, expenses, and reasonable

attorney fees arising out of, either directly or

indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death that

may be associated with such unintended or

unauthorized use, even if such claim alleges that

Samsung was negligent regarding the design or

manufacture of said product.

S3C2451 16/32-Bit RISC Microprocessor

User's Manual, Revision 1.10

Publication Number: 21.10-S3-C2450- 082008

any form or by any means, electric or mechanical, by photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior

written consent of Samsung Electronics.

Samsung Electronics' microcontroller business has been awarded full ISO-14001

certification (BSI Certificate No. FM24653). All semiconductor products are

designed and manufactured in accordance with the highest quality standards and

objectives.

Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.

San #24 Nongseo-Dong, Giheung-Gu

Yongin-City, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea

C.P.O. Box #37, Suwon 446-711

TEL: (82)-(31)-209-4593

FAX: (82)-(31)-209-5324

Home Page: http://www.samsungsemi.com

Printed in the Republic of Korea

E-Mail: mobilesol.cs@samsung.com

S3C2451X RISC MICROPROCESSOR i

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Product Overview

1 Introduction ...............................................................................................................................................1-1

2 Features....................................................................................................................................................1-2

3 Block Diagram...........................................................................................................................................1-5

4 Pin Assignments .......................................................................................................................................1-6

4.1 Signal Descriptions..........................................................................................................................1-24

4.2 S3C2451 Operation Mode Description ...........................................................................................1-31

4.3 S3C2451 Memory MAP and Base Address of Special Registers...................................................1-32

Chapter 2 System Controller

1 Overview ...................................................................................................................................................2-1

2 Feature......................................................................................................................................................2-1

3 Block Diagram...........................................................................................................................................2-2

4 Functional Descriptions.............................................................................................................................2-3

4.1 Reset Management and Types .......................................................................................................2-3

4.2 Hardware Reset...............................................................................................................................2-3

4.3 Watchdog Reset..............................................................................................................................2-4

4.4 Software Reset ................................................................................................................................2-5

4.5 Wakeup Reset.................................................................................................................................2-5

5 Clock Management...................................................................................................................................2-6

5.1 Clock Generation Overview.............................................................................................................2-6

5.2 Clock Source Selection ...................................................................................................................2-6

5.3 PLL (Phase-Locked-Loop) .............................................................................................................. 2-8

5.4 Change PLL Settings In Normal Operation.....................................................................................2-8

5.5 System Clock Control......................................................................................................................2-9

5.6 ARM & BUS Clock Divide Ratio ......................................................................................................2-10

5.7 Examples for configuring clock regiter to produce specific frequency of AMBA clocks..................2-11

5.8 ESYSCLK Control ...........................................................................................................................2-12

6 Power Management..................................................................................................................................2-13

6.1 Power Mode State Diagram ............................................................................................................2-13

6.2 Power Saving Modes.......................................................................................................................2-14

6.3 Wake-Up Event

...............................................................................................................................2-19

6.4 Output Port State and STOP and SLEEP Mode .............................................................................2-19

6.5 Power Saving Mode Entering/Exiting Condition..............................................................................2-20

7 Register Descriptions................................................................................................................................2-21

7.1 Address Map ...................................................................................................................................2-21

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