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开发教程

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1 OpenWRT-Document 中文

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1 路由器

1.1 开始

1.1.1 安装

1.1.2 初始配置

1.1.3 安全模式

1.2 配置 OpenWrt

1.2.1 网络

1.2.2 无线

1.3 高级配置

1.3.1 热插拔

1.3.2 初始化脚本

1.3.3 网络脚本

2 开发需知

2.1 构建系统

2.1.1 构建一个镜像

2.1.2 创建包

2.1.3 创建内核模块包

2.1.4 Conventions

2.1.5 Troubleshooting

2.1.6 Using build environments

2.2 Extra tools

2.2.1 Image Builder

2.2.2 SDK

2.3 Adding platform support

2.3.1 Which Operating System does this device run?

2.3.2 Finding and using the manufacturer SDK

2.4 Debugging and debricking

2.4.1 Adding a serial port

2.4.2 JTAG

2.5 Reporting bugs

2.5.1 Using the Trac ticket system

2.6 Submitting patches

2.6.1 How to contribute

2.6.2 Where to listen and talk

2.6.3 Patch Submission Process

� The PPP username (usually with PAP authentication)

� password

� The PPP password

� keepalive

� Ping PPP server（使用 LCP）。这个选项定义了重连前的失败 ping 最大个数。这个 ping

间隔默认为 5，但是可以通过附加"," 来修改 keepalive 值。Ping the PPP server

(using LCP). The value of this option specifies the maximum number of failed

pings before reconnecting. The ping interval defaults to 5, but can be changed

by appending "," to the keepalive value(注：我的路由器中此值叫 ‘LCP 响应故障阈

值’)(http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk713/tk507/technologies_tech_note0918

6a00800ae945.shtml)

� demand

� Use Dial on Demand (value specifies the maximum idle time).单位为秒，在此时间后

断开非活动连接

� server: (pptp)

� 远程 pptp server IP The remote pptp server IP

对于所有类型的协议，都可以通过设置 mtu 选项来设置 MTU。

设置静态路由 Setting up static routes

你可以给特定的接口设置静态路由，它将在该接口被配置以后显示出效果。

像下面这样简单的加入：

config route foo

option interface lan

option target 1.1.1.0

option netmask 255.255.255.0

option gateway 192.168.1.1

route 段中的 name 是可选的，interface，target 和 gateway 选项是强制的。不使用 netmask 选项将会使该 route 设置成 host

route。

The name for the route section is 可选的, the interface, targetand gateway options are mandatory. Leaving

out the netmaskoption will turn the route into a host route.

设置交换（目前仅支持 broadcom）Setting up the switch (currently broadcom only)

交换设置需要加入'switch'设置段。例如：

The switch configuration is set by adding a 'switch'config section. 例子:

config switch "eth0"

option vlan0 "1 2 3 4 5*"

option vlan1 "0 5"

在 Broadcom 的硬件上，段名称需要是 eth0，所以交换驱动不能识别其他物理交换设备。每个 vlan 选项都要有个名字 vlan，是交

换驱动中使用的 VLAN 序号。这些值可以取如下后缀：

VLANOn Broadcom hardware the section name needs to be eth0, as the switch driver does not detect the switch on any

other physical device. Every vlan option needs to have the name vlan where is the VLAN number as used in the switch

driver. As value it takes a list of ports with these 可选的 suffixes:

� '*': 将当前 VLAN 设置成该端口的默认 VLANSet the default VLAN (PVID) of the Port

to the current VLAN

� 'u': 强制该端口为非标记的 Force the port to be untagged

� 't': 强制该端口为标记的 Force the port to be tagged

CPU 的端口默认是标记的，其他所有端口为非标记。在 Broadcom 硬件上，CPU 端口永远是 5。其他端口可能会因不同的硬件而异。

The CPU port defaults to tagged, all other ports to untagged. On Broadcom hardware the CPU port is always 5. The other

ports may vary with different hardware.

例如，如果你希望有 3 个 vlan，3 个端口用于交换，1 个端口是 DMZ（隔离区），另外一个端口是 WAN 口，可以使用如下配置：

For instance, if you wish to have 3 vlans, like one 3-port switch, 1 port in a DMZ, and another one as your WAN interface,

use the following configuration :

config switch "eth0"

option vlan0 "1 2 3 5*"

option vlan1 "0 5"

option vlan2 "4 5"

交换层将会自动建立 3 个接口：eth0.0(vlan0), eth0.1(vlan1) and eth0.2(vlan2)。

Three interfaces will be automatically created using this switch layout : eth0.0(vlan0), eth0.1(vlan1)

andeth0.2(vlan2). You can then assign those interfaces to a custom network configuration name

like lan, wanordmzfor instance.

Setting up IPv6 connectivity

OpenWrt supports IPv6 connectivity using PPP, Tunnel brokers or static assignment.

If you use PPP, IPv6 will be setup using IP6CP and there is nothing to configure.

To setup an IPv6 tunnel to a tunnel broker, you can install the 6scriptspackage and edit

the/etc/config/6tunnelfile and change the settings accordingly :

config 6tunnel

option tnlifname 'sixbone'

option remoteip4 '1.0.0.1'

option localip4 '1.0.0.2'

option localip6 '2001::DEAD::BEEF::1'

option prefix '/64'

� 'tnlifname': Set the interface name of the IPv6 in IPv4 tunnel

� 'remoteip4': IP address of the remote end to establish the 6in4 tunnel. This

address is given by the tunnel broker

� 'localip4': IP address of your router to establish the 6in4 tunnel. It will

usually match your WAN IP address.

� 'localip6': IPv6 address to setup on your tunnel side This address is given

by the tunnel broker

� 'prefix': IPv6 prefix to setup on the LAN.

Using the same package you can also setup an IPv6 bridged connection :

config 6bridge

option bridge 'br6'

By default the script bridges the WAN interface with the LAN interface and uses ebtables to filter anything that is

not IPv6 on the bridge.

IPv6 static addressing is also supported using a similar setup as IPv4 but with the ip6prefixing (when applicable).

config interface "lan"

option ifname "eth0"

option proto "static"

option ip6addr "fe80::200:ff:fe00:0/64"

option ip6gw "2001::DEAF:BEE:1"

1.2.2 1.2.2 无线网络 Wireless

WiFi 设置储存在/etc/config/wireless 中（目前支持 Broadcom, Atheros 和 mac80211）。当第一次启动路由器时，将会

自动检测你的卡并且创建简单的配置文件。默认情况下 'option network lan' 是被注释掉的。它提供了一个非安全的无线网

络共享。

The WiFi settings are configured in the file /etc/config/wireless(currently supported on Broadcom, Atheros and

mac80211). When booting the router for the first time it should detect your card and create a sample configuration

file. By default 'option network lan' is commented. This prevents unsecured sharing of the network over the wireless

interface.

每一个无线驱动都有自己的配置脚本/lib/wifi/driver_name.sh ，用来处理驱动选项和配置。这个脚本也调用特殊二进制，

例如 Broadcom 的 w1c，或者 atheros 的 hostapd 和 wpa_supplicant 。

Each wireless driver has its own configuration script in /lib/wifi/driver_name.sh which handles driver specific

options and configurations. This script is also calling driver specific binaries like wlc for Broadcom, or hostapd

and wpa_supplicant for atheros.

使用不同的架构配置是因为不同的驱动配置。

The reason for using such architecture, is that it abstracts the driver configuration.

标准的 Broadcom 无线配置： Generic Broadcom wireless config:

config wifi-device "wl0"

option type "broadcom"

option channel "5"

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