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### NetBeans 教程：创建基于 JSF 的 CRUD 应用程序在本教程中，我们将详细介绍如何使用 NetBeans 集成开发环境 (IDE) 创建一个与后端数据库交互的 Web 应用程序。该应用程序将具备查看、修改数据库中的数据的能力，即实现了 CRUD（创建、读取、更新、删除）功能。我们将使用以下技术： - **JavaServer Faces (JSF) 2.0**：用于前端网页、验证处理以及请求-响应周期管理。 - **Java Persistence API (JPA) 2.0**：结合 EclipseLink 生成实体类，并管理事务。EclipseLink 是 JPA 的参考实现，也是 GlassFish 服务器默认的持久化提供者。 - **Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) 3.1**：提供了无状态 EJB，用于访问实体类并包含应用程序的业务逻辑。 NetBeans IDE 提供了两个向导来帮助生成应用程序的所有代码： 1. **从数据库生成实体类向导**：可以让你从提供的数据库生成实体类。 2. **从实体类生成 JSF 页面向导**：可以创建 JSF 管理 Bean 和 EJB，以及一系列 Facelets 页面来处理实体类数据视图。本教程适用于 NetBeans IDE 6.8 和 6.9 版本。如果你使用的是 NetBeans IDE 6.7，请参考 6.7 版本的教程。 #### 创建数据库我们需要创建一个数据库，这一步骤是整个教程的基础。数据库的设计应该包括所有必要的表和字段，以便后续的应用程序可以与其进行交互。 #### 考察数据库结构一旦数据库建立好之后，我们需要熟悉数据库的结构。这包括了解表之间的关系、字段类型等，这些信息对于后续步骤至关重要。 #### 创建 Web 应用项目接下来，在 NetBeans IDE 中创建一个新的 Web 应用项目。选择合适的项目模板，并指定项目的名称和其他相关信息。 #### 从数据库生成实体类通过“从数据库生成实体类”向导，我们可以轻松地根据数据库中的表自动生成相应的实体类。这些实体类将代表数据库中的各个表，并且具备基本的 CRUD 功能。 #### 从实体类生成 JSF 页面使用“从实体类生成 JSF 页面”向导，可以自动创建 JSF 管理 Bean 和 EJB，以及 Facelets 页面。这些页面将负责显示实体类的数据，并提供用户界面来进行 CRUD 操作。 #### 探索应用程序完成以上步骤后，我们可以通过运行应用程序来探索其功能。本教程还提供了一些额外的练习来帮助深入理解应用程序的工作原理和 NetBeans IDE 的功能。 #### 考察已完成的项目仔细检查生成的项目结构和源代码，了解每个组件的作用和相互间的关联。这对于学习和调试应用程序非常重要。 #### 使用 SQL 脚本填充数据库为了测试应用程序的功能，可以编写一个 SQL 脚本来填充数据库。这样可以在不手动输入数据的情况下快速填充数据库，便于测试 CRUD 功能。 #### 探索 Facelets 页面编辑支持 Facelets 是 JSF 的标准视图层技术，它为构建动态网页提供了丰富的功能。NetBeans IDE 提供了对 Facelets 的强大支持，可以帮助开发者更高效地开发和维护界面。 #### 探索数据库完整性与字段验证为了确保数据的完整性和一致性，我们需要在应用程序中实施适当的验证机制。NetBeans IDE 和 JSF 提供了多种方式来实现字段级验证，从而提高数据质量。 #### 编辑实体类随着项目的进展，可能需要调整实体类的设计以适应新的需求或修复问题。NetBeans IDE 提供了丰富的工具来帮助开发者高效地编辑和重构实体类。 ### 相关资源为了完成本教程，你需要以下软件和资源： - **NetBeans IDE (带 Java bundle)**：版本 6.8 或 6.9。 - **Java Development Kit (JDK)**：版本 6。 - **GlassFish 服务器**：版本 v3 或开源版 3.0.1。以上步骤详细介绍了如何使用 NetBeans IDE 构建基于 JSF 的 CRUD 应用程序。通过遵循本教程，你可以学习到如何利用现代 Java Web 开发框架和技术来创建功能丰富的 Web 应用程序。

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Generating a JavaServer Faces 2.0 CRUD Application from a Database

In this tutorial, you use the NetBeans IDE to create a web application that interacts with a back-end database. The

application provides you with the ability to view and modify data contained in the database - otherwise referred to as

CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) functionality. The application you develop relies on:

JavaServer Faces (JSF) 2.0 for front-end web pages, validation handling, and management of the request-

response cycle.

Java Persistence API (JPA) 2.0 using EclipseLink to generate entity classes from the database, and manage

transactions. (EclipseLink is the reference implementation for JPA, and is the default persistence provider for the

GlassFish server.)

Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) 3.1, which provides you with stateless EJBs that access the entity classes, and

contain the business logic for the application.

The IDE provides two wizards which generate all of the code for the application. The first is the Entity Classes from

Database wizard which enables you to generate entity classes from the provided database. After you create entity

classes, you use the JSF Pages from Entity Classes wizard to create JSF managed beans and EJBs for the entity

classes, as well as a set of Facelets pages to handle the view s for entity class data. The final section of the tutorial,

Exploring the Application, is optional, and provides numerous exercises to help you to better understand the

application and become more familiar with the IDE.

Note: This tutorial is applicable to NetBeans IDE versions 6.8 and 6.9. If you are using

NetBeans IDE 6.7, see the 6.7 version of this tutorial.

Contents

Creating the Database

Examining the Database Structure

Creating the Web Application Project

Generating the Entity Classes from the Database

Generating JSF Pages From Entity Classes

Exploring the Application

Examining the Completed Project

Populating the Database with an SQL Script

Exploring Editor Support in Facelets Pages

Exploring Database Integrity with Field Validation

Editing Entity Classes

See Also

To complete this tutorial, you need the following software and resources.

Software or Resource Version Required

NetBeans IDE, Java bundle 6.8 or 6.9

Java Development Kit (JDK) 6

GlassFish server v3 or Open Source Edition 3.0.1

mysql-consult.zip (MySQL)

javadb-consult.zip (JavaDB)

n/a

Notes:

The NetBeans IDE Java bundle also includes the GlassFish server, a Java EE 6-compliant server, which you

12/20/2010 Generating a JavaServer Faces 2.0 CRUD…

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MySQL with GlassFish Combination:

If you are using MySQL, and are using GlassFish v3 or Open Source Edition 3.0.1, you must ensure that your

database is password-protected. (For more information, see GlassFish Issue 12221.) If you are using the

default MySQL

root

account with an empty password, you can set the password from a command-line prompt.

For example, to set your password to

nbuser

, in a command-line prompt enter the following commands.

shell> mysql -u root

mysql> UPDATE mysql.user SET Password = PASSWORD('nbuser') WHERE User = 'root';

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

If you receive a '

mysql: command not found

' error, then the

mysql

command has not been added to your

PATH

environment variable. You can instead call the command by entering the full path to your MySQL installation's

bin

directory. For example, if the

mysql

command is located on your computer at

/usr/local/mysql/bin

, enter

the following:

shell> /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root

For more information, see the offical MySQL Reference Manual:

Securing the Initial MySQL Accounts

4.2.1. Invoking MySQL Programs

4.2.4. Setting Environment Variables

require for this tutorial.

For the solution project to this tutorial, download ConsultingAgencyJSF20.zip.

Creating the Database

This tutorial uses a consulting agency database called

consult

. The database is not included when you install the IDE

so you need to first create the database to follow this tutorial.

The

consult

database was designed to demonstrate the scope of IDE support for handling a variety of database

structures. The database is thus not intended as an example of recommended database design or best-practice.

Instead, it attempts to incorporate many of the relevant features that are potentially found in a database design. For

example, the

consult

database contains all possible relationship types, composite primary keys, and many different

data types. See the tables below for a more detailed overview of the database structure.

Notes:

This tutorial uses the MySQL database server but you can also complete the tutorial using the JavaDB database

server. To create the database in JavaDB, download and extract the javadb-consult.zip archive. The archive

contains SQL scripts for creating, dropping, and populating the

consult

database.

For more information on configuring the IDE to work with MySQL, see the Connecting to a MySQL Database

tutorial.

For more information on configuring the IDE to work with JavaDB, see the Working with the Java DB (Derby)

Database tutorial.

Perform the following steps to create a database and connect to it from the IDE.

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