名词性从句是英语语法中的一个重要概念，它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句等。在提供的练习题中，主要考察了使用"that"、"what"以及"if/whether"引导名词性从句的用法。
1. 在"______ he wants is a book."中，应填"what"，因为"what"在这里引导主语从句，表示他想要的东西。
2. "______ he wants to go there is obvious."中，同样填"what"，此处的从句作为主语，表达他想去那里的事情是显而易见的。
3. "The result is ______ we won the game."中，填"that"，因为"that"在此引导表语从句，说明结果是我们赢得了比赛。
4. "This is _____ we want to know."应填"what"，作为表语从句的引导词，指这是我们想知道的事情。
5. "Is _____ he told us true?"中，填"what"，引导主语从句，表示他告诉我们的是否真实。
6. "We should pay attention to ______ the teacher is saying."填"what"，作为介词"to"的宾语从句，关注老师说话的内容。
7. "I have no doubt _____ he will come."填"that"，引导同位语从句，表示对他的到来没有疑问。
8. "I have no idea _____ he did that afternoon."填"what"，表示我不知道他那天下午做了什么。
9. "_____ has made China _____ it is now?"填"What"和"what"，引导两个宾语从句，分别表示是什么让中国变成了现在这样。
10. "We can’t get seems better than we have."填"what"，引导主语从句，我们无法得到的似乎比我们拥有的更好。
11. "A computer can only do what you instructed it to do."，"what"引导宾语从句，表示电脑只能执行你所指示的操作。
12. "He became so angry he couldn't speak."，"that"引导结果状语从句，表示他气得说不出话来。
13. "There is the city we visited last year."，"that"引导定语从句，修饰城市。
14. "There is no doubt the price of cars will go down."，"that"引导同位语从句，对汽车价格下降的事实无疑。
15. "None of us has a clear idea what the others want to do."，"what"引导宾语从句，表示不清楚其他人想做什么。
16. "Do as he or she tells you to do."，"as"引导方式状语从句，按照他或她告诉你的去做。
17-21题的填空类似，主要考察"what"和"that"在不同情境下的使用。
22. "_____you have done might do harm to other people."填"What"，引导主语从句。
23. "______ he doesn't like him is none of my business."填"That"，引导主语从句。
24. "The fact ____ he is a model teacher is well-known."填"that"，引导同位语从句。
25. "They expressed the hope____ they would come over to China again."填"that"，引导同位语从句。
接下来是使用"if"或"whether"的练习：
1. "I asked her ______ she had a bike."填"whether"，表示询问她是否有自行车。
2. "______ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather."填"Whether"，引导主语从句。
3. "We’re worried about ______ he is safe."填"whether"，对他的安全表示担忧。
4-5. "I don’t know ______ he is well or not."和"I don’t know _______ or not he is well."均填"whether"，表示不确定他是否健康。
6. "The question is ______ he should do it."填"whether"，表示问题在于他是否应该做。
7. "The doctor can hardly answer the question____ the old man will recover soon."填"whether"，医生难以确定老人是否会很快康复。
8. "I don’t know ______ to go."填"whether"，表示不知道是否要去。
9. "______ you are not free tomorrow, I’ll go without you."填"If"，引导条件状语从句。
10. "It depends on _____ she will come."填"whether"，依赖于她是否会来。
11-15题的填空也类似，主要考察"if"和"whether"在条件、疑问和不确定情况下的用法。
关于改正句子中的错误：
1. "The American Civil War broke out in 1861 is known to many of us."改为"The fact that the American Civil War broke out in 1861 is known to many of us."，添加"that"引导同位语从句。
2. "That he saw there impressed him deeply."改为"What he saw there impressed him deeply."，"What"引导主语从句。
3. "This is all what I know."改为"This is all that I know."，"that"引导表语从句。
4. "Could you tell me who is he?"改为"Could you tell me who he is?"，"who"引导宾语从句，动词应置于引导词之后。
以上是名词性从句专项练习的答案解析，涵盖了"that"、"what"和"if/whether"的用法，并纠正了一些句子的错误。通过这些练习，可以更好地理解和掌握名词性从句在实际语境中的运用。
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