Reference number
ISO/IEC 18004:2006(E)
©
ISO/IEC 2006
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
ISO/IEC
18004
Second edition
2006-09-01
Information technology — Automatic
identification and data capture
techniques — QR Code 2005 bar code
symbology specification
Technologies de l'information — Techniques d'identification
automatique et de capture des données — Spécification de la
symbologie de code à barres QR Code 2005
ISO/IEC 18004:2006(E)
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
© ISO/IEC 2006
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
© ISO/IEC 2006 — All rights reserved
ISO/IEC 18004:2006(E)
© ISO/IEC 2006 — All rights reserved iii
Contents Page
Foreword............................................................................................................................................................ vi
Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................... vi
1 Scope ..................................................................................................................................................... 1
2 Conformance......................................................................................................................................... 1
3 Normative references ........................................................................................................................... 1
4 Terms and definitions, mathematical and logical symbols, abbreviations and conventions ...... 2
4.1 Terms and definitions........................................................................................................................... 2
4.2 Mathematical and logical symbols...................................................................................................... 4
4.3 Abbreviations ........................................................................................................................................ 4
4.4 Conventions .......................................................................................................................................... 5
4.4.1 Module positions .................................................................................................................................. 5
4.4.2 Byte notation ......................................................................................................................................... 5
4.4.3 Version references................................................................................................................................ 5
5 Symbol description............................................................................................................................... 5
5.1 Basic characteristics ............................................................................................................................ 5
5.2 Summary of additional features .......................................................................................................... 7
5.3 Symbol structure .................................................................................................................................. 8
5.3.1 Symbol Versions and sizes ................................................................................................................. 9
5.3.2 Finder pattern...................................................................................................................................... 16
5.3.3 Separator ............................................................................................................................................. 17
5.3.4 Timing pattern ..................................................................................................................................... 17
5.3.5 Alignment patterns ............................................................................................................................. 17
5.3.6 Encoding region.................................................................................................................................. 17
5.3.7 Quiet zone............................................................................................................................................ 17
6 Requirements ...................................................................................................................................... 18
6.1 Encode procedure overview.............................................................................................................. 18
6.2 Data analysis ....................................................................................................................................... 20
6.3 Modes................................................................................................................................................... 20
6.3.1 Extended Channel Interpretation (ECI) mode .................................................................................. 20
6.3.2 Numeric mode ..................................................................................................................................... 20
6.3.3 Alphanumeric mode ........................................................................................................................... 20
6.3.4 Byte mode............................................................................................................................................ 20
6.3.5 Kanji mode........................................................................................................................................... 21
6.3.6 Mixing modes ...................................................................................................................................... 21
6.3.7 Structured Append mode................................................................................................................... 21
6.3.8 FNC1 mode .......................................................................................................................................... 21
6.4 Data encoding ..................................................................................................................................... 22
6.4.1 Sequence of data ................................................................................................................................ 22
6.4.2 Extended Channel Interpretation (ECI) mode .................................................................................. 23
6.4.3 Numeric mode ..................................................................................................................................... 25
6.4.4 Alphanumeric mode ........................................................................................................................... 26
6.4.5 Byte mode............................................................................................................................................ 27
6.4.6 Kanji mode........................................................................................................................................... 29
6.4.7 Mixing modes ...................................................................................................................................... 30
6.4.8 FNC1 modes ........................................................................................................................................ 30
6.4.9 Terminator ........................................................................................................................................... 32
6.4.10 Bit stream to codeword conversion.................................................................................................. 33
6.5 Error correction................................................................................................................................... 37
6.5.1 Error correction capacity ................................................................................................................... 37
ISO/IEC 18004:2006(E)
iv © ISO/IEC 2006 — All rights reserved
6.5.2 Generating the error correction codewords..................................................................................... 44
6.6 Constructing the final message codeword sequence..................................................................... 45
6.7 Codeword placement in matrix.......................................................................................................... 46
6.7.1 Symbol character representation ...................................................................................................... 46
6.7.2 Function pattern placement ............................................................................................................... 46
6.7.3 Symbol character placement ............................................................................................................. 47
6.8 Data masking ....................................................................................................................................... 50
6.8.1 Data mask patterns ............................................................................................................................. 50
6.8.2 Evaluation of data masking results................................................................................................... 53
6.9 Format information ............................................................................................................................. 55
6.9.1 QR Code symbols ............................................................................................................................... 55
6.9.2 Micro QR Code symbols..................................................................................................................... 56
6.10 Version information ............................................................................................................................ 57
7 Structured Append.............................................................................................................................. 59
7.1 Basic principles................................................................................................................................... 59
7.2 Symbol Sequence Indicator ............................................................................................................... 59
7.3 Parity Data............................................................................................................................................ 60
8 Symbol printing and marking ............................................................................................................ 60
8.1 Dimensions .......................................................................................................................................... 60
8.2 Human-readable interpretation.......................................................................................................... 60
8.3 Marking guidelines.............................................................................................................................. 61
9 Symbol quality..................................................................................................................................... 61
9.1 Methodology........................................................................................................................................ 61
9.2 Symbol quality parameters ................................................................................................................ 61
9.2.1 Fixed pattern damage ......................................................................................................................... 61
9.2.2 Scan grade and overall symbol grade .............................................................................................. 61
9.2.3 Grid non-uniformity ............................................................................................................................ 61
9.3 Process control measurements......................................................................................................... 61
10 Decoding procedure overview........................................................................................................... 61
11 Reference decode algorithm for QR Code 2005 .............................................................................. 63
12 Autodiscrimination capability............................................................................................................ 69
13 Transmitted data ................................................................................................................................. 69
13.1 General principles............................................................................................................................... 69
13.2 Symbology Identifier........................................................................................................................... 69
13.3 Extended Channel Interpretations .................................................................................................... 69
13.4 FNC1 ..................................................................................................................................................... 70
Annex A (normative) Error detection and correction generator polynomials ........................................... 71
Annex B (normative) Error correction decoding steps ................................................................................ 76
Annex C (normative) Format information ...................................................................................................... 78
C.1 Error correction bit calculation.......................................................................................................... 78
C.2 Error correction decoding steps ....................................................................................................... 78
Annex D (normative) Version information ..................................................................................................... 81
D.1 Error correction bit calculation.......................................................................................................... 81
D.2 Error correction decoding steps ....................................................................................................... 81
Annex E (normative) Position of alignment patterns.................................................................................... 83
Annex F (normative) Symbology Identifier .................................................................................................... 85
Annex G (normative) QR Code 2005 print quality – symbology-specific aspects..................................... 86
G.1 Fixed Pattern damage......................................................................................................................... 86
G.1.1 Features to be assessed .................................................................................................................... 86
G.1.2 Fixed Pattern Damage grading .......................................................................................................... 88
G.2 Grading of additional parameters ..................................................................................................... 89
G.2.1 Grading of format information ........................................................................................................... 89
G.2.2 Grading of version information (QR Code symbols)....................................................................... 91
ISO/IEC 18004:2006(E)
© ISO/IEC 2006 — All rights reserved
v
G.3 Scan grade........................................................................................................................................... 91
Annex H (informative) JIS8 and Shift JIS character sets ............................................................................. 92
Annex I (informative) Symbol encoding examples ....................................................................................... 94
I.1 General................................................................................................................................................. 94
I.2 Encoding a QR Code symbol ............................................................................................................ 94
I.3 Encoding a Micro QR Code symbol.................................................................................................. 96
Annex J (informative) Optimisation of bit stream length ............................................................................. 98
J.1 General................................................................................................................................................. 98
J.2 Optimisation for QR Code symbols .................................................................................................. 99
J.3 Optimisation for Micro QR Code symbols ..................................................................................... 100
J.3.1 Optimisation principles .................................................................................................................... 100
J.3.2 Capacity of Micro QR Code symbols.............................................................................................. 100
Annex K (informative) User guidelines for printing and scanning of QR Code 2005 symbols .............. 106
K.1 General............................................................................................................................................... 106
K.2 User selection of error correction level.......................................................................................... 106
Annex L (informative) Autodiscrimination................................................................................................... 108
Annex M (informative) Process control techniques ................................................................................... 109
M.1 Symbol Contrast ............................................................................................................................... 109
M.2 Assessing Axial Nonuniformity....................................................................................................... 109
M.3 Visual inspection for symbol distortion and defects .................................................................... 109
M.4 Assessing print growth.................................................................................................................... 110
Annex N (informative) Characteristics of Model 1 symbols....................................................................... 111
N.1 Model 1 QR Code symbols .............................................................................................................. 111
N.1.1 Model 1 overall characteristics ....................................................................................................... 111
N.1.2 Symbol versions and sizes.............................................................................................................. 112
N.2 Detailed specifications ..................................................................................................................... 113
Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................... 114
- 1
- 2
前往页