Horizontal Wind Model 2014 (HWM14)
Version HWM14.123114
VERSION HISTORY
31 Dec 2014 (Release version)
PACKAGE CONTENTS
README.txt This file
hwm14.f90 Source code for HWM14 and DWM07
hwm123114.bin Binary Data file containing quiet-time HWM parameters
dwm07b104i.dat Data file containing DWM parameters
gd2qd.dat Data file containing parameters for QD coordinate
conversion
makefile Very simple example Makefile
checkhwm14.f90 Test driver and test output data
Check/ifort.opt.txt Test driver results, Intel Fortran (v14.0.0) default flags
Check/ifort.nopt.txt Test driver results, Intel Fortran (v14.0.0) no optimization
Check/gfortan.txt Test driver results, gfortran (v4.8.1) default flags
POINT OF CONTACT
Douglas P. Drob and John Emmert
Space Science Division
Naval Research Laboratory
4555 Overlook Ave.
Washington, DC 20375
[email protected]
REFERENCES
Drob, D. P., et al. (2015), An Update to the Horizontal Wind Model (HWM): The
Quiet Time Thermosphere, Earth and Space Science, submitted.
Drob, D. P., et al. (2008), An Empirical Model of the Earth's Horizontal
Wind Fields: HWM07, J. Geophys Res., 113, doi:10.1029/2008JA013668.
Emmert, J. T., et al. (2008), DWM07 global empirical model of upper
thermospheric storm-induced disturbance winds, J. Geophys Res., 113,
doi:10.1029/2008JA013541.
COMPILER NOTES
- The model package has been compiled succesfully with the following
FORTRAN compiler system combinations: Intel (Windows, Linux, Mac),
pgi (Linux), and gfortran (Mac, Linux).
- No special compiler flags or options should be needed; but as the result
of rounding, optimization, and floating point instruction reordering
various compiler result in slightly different numerical results on the order
of 1 x 10^-4 (i.e. +/- 1 mm/s) in certain regions of space and time. These
differences are negligable with respect to the HWM14 empirical model's other
climatological and observational uncertainties. The results from gfortran
(v4.8.1) and the ifort (intel) compiler without optimizations (-00) are
identical. The default optimization level for the intel fortran compiler is
'-O2', so example reaults from 'ifort -O0' and 'ifort' differ slightly.
See included files Check/ifort.nopt.txt (ifort -O0), Check/gfortran.txt
(gfortran), and Check/ifort.opt.txt (ifort -O2).
RELEASE NOTES
HWM14 contains several updates to HWM07 and HWM93
Improvements to the code include:
- A more efficient routine (ALFBASIS) for computing associated
Legendre functions and the latitude portion of vector spherical
harmonic functions.
- A new routine for the conversion of geodetic to Quasi-Dipole
coordinates for the disturbance wind component. This is now done using
a spherical harmonic expansion of QD coordinates, rather than gridded
interpolation. This modification results in slightly different
disturbance winds than in the previous version, because the
representation is not exact. The difference is less than 1 m/s.
- The code has been streamlined and combined into a single file.
- The FORTRAN90 module layout has been reorganized to be compatable
with the python NUMPY f2py feature.
HWM14 requires three binary data files: hwm123114.bin,
dwm07b104i.dat, and gd2qd.dat. These file should be located in one of the
following locations; 1) directory from which the program is run, 2) a
subdirectory "../Meta/" with respect to the
directory from which the program is run; and/or 3) in a directory
defined by the shell variable HWMPATH. See the subroutine findandopen()
for additional details.
MODEL FORMULATION
This is an update to the HWM07 empirical model of horizontal winds in the
troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere, [Drob, D. P., et al.
(2008), An Empirical Model of the Earth's Horizontal Wind Fields: HWM07, J.
Geophys Res., 113, doi:10.1029/2008JA013668.] which also supersedes HWM93
[Hedin et al., J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., vol. 58, 1421-1447, 1996]. In addition
to the date used in HWM93, the HWM07 used extensive new ground-based and space-
based wind measurements, including height profiles from NASA-UARS/WINDII,
NASA-UARS/HRDI, measurements from ground-based optical and radar instruments
obtained from the NSF-CEDAR database, and lower atmospheric NCEP data. This
model (HWM14) now includes additional ground-based 630-nm FPI wind
measurements at both equatorial and high latitudes (~250 km altitude), in
addition to cross track accelerometer wind measurements from the GOCE
satellite (~250 km altitude).
As in HWM07, in the thermosphere, the model consists of two parts: a quiet-time
portion, and a geomagnetically disturbed portion. The quiet-time part
represents average wind conditions when ap <= 12. The disturbed part
represents average perturbation winds for the specified ap input.
The quiet part is represented by vector spherical harmonics in geodetic
latitude, geodetic longitude, and solar local time, up to wave number 8 in
latitude, 2 in longitude, and 3 in local time. The seasonal dependence is
represented by harmonic terms up to semiannual. The vertical structure is
represented below 250 km by cubic B-splines with node spacing of 5 km below
110 km and higher nodes at 110, 117, 130, 140, 155, 200, and 250 km (modified
from HWM07). Above 250 km, an exponential decay function with a scale height
of 60 km is used; continuity up to the second derivative is imposed at 250 km.
The disturbance winds depend on magnetic latitude, magnetic local time,
and Kp. The Quasi-Dipole magnetic coordinates described by Richmond
[J Geomagn. Geoelectr., vol. 47, 191-212, 1995] are used for the magnetic
coordinates; the code was obtained from the NSF-CEDAR database, and the
interpolation grid was computed from IGRF at 250 km and epoch 1994.0 (a
modified FORTRAN-90 version of the code, apexcord.f90, is included in this
package; it contains only those subroutines needed for reading the
interpolation grid and computing QD coordinates). The magnetic latitude and
magnetic local time dependence of the disturbance winds is represented by
vector spherical harmonics up to wave number 10 in magnetic latitude and wave
number 3 in magnetic local time. At mid and low latitudes, only latitudinal
terms up to wave number 4 are used; the transition from low resolution at low
latitudes to high resolution at high latitudes occurs at a pre-determined
latitude that depends on local time and Kp. The transition is made with an
exponential function with a width of 4 degrees. The Kp dependence is
represented by cubic splines with nodes at 0, 2, 5, and 8. The Kp dependence
is constrained to have zero slope at Kp=0 and Kp=8, and is constant above
Kp=8.
HWM07 ARGUMENT CHANGES FROM HWM93
The input and output argument list remains unchanged from that of HWM93,
however some of specifics of the arguments have been modified as follows:
- The STL (solar local time) input argument is ignored. Local time is
computed from the SEC (UT) and GLON (geographic longitude) input arguments.
- Only the second element of the AP argument (the 3-hour ap) is used to
compute disturbance winds.
- The F107 and F107A arguments are ignored in this version.
- Module component on/off switches are not yet fully implemented in this
version. There is no longer a TSELEC subroutine. For now, for example if
longitudinally averaged winds are desired, the model must be evaluated on
a longitude grid and the output averaged by the user.
HWM14 ARGUMENT CHANGES FROM HWM07
- None
MODEL LIMITATIONS AND FUTURE IMPROVEMENTS
- The model currently contains no solar activity dependence, and the F107 and
F107A argume
GNSS定位定轨程序源码（GROOPS程序）
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GNSS定位定轨程序源码（GROOPS程序） （1602个子文件） 
CITATION.bib 701B expressionParser.cpp 63KB gnssReceiver.cpp 61KB tree.cpp 52KB preprocessingDualSst.cpp 48KB fileInstrument.cpp 47KB fileSinex.cpp 44KB matrix.cpp 42KB generateDocumentation.cpp 41KB preprocessingSst.cpp 39KB plotMapLayer.cpp 39KB gnssProcessingStep.cpp 38KB gnssStationLog2StationInfo.cpp 37KB rinexObservation2GnssReceiver.cpp 37KB plotGraphLayer.cpp 37KB gnssType.cpp 36KB matrixDistributed.cpp 35KB simulateStarCameraGnss.cpp 34KB treeElement.cpp 33KB parallelCluster.cpp 33KB instrumentStarCameraAngularAccelerometerFusion.cpp 32KB gnssParametrizationAmbiguities.cpp 32KB config.cpp 31KB treeElementComplex.cpp 31KB observationMiscSstIntegral.cpp 29KB normalsShortTimeStaticLongTime.cpp 28KB observationMiscDualSstVariational.cpp 28KB gnssParametrizationClocksModel.cpp 27KB gnssTroposphere2TropoSinex.cpp 26KB preprocessingPod.cpp 25KB preprocessingVariationalEquation.cpp 25KB tabs.cpp 24KB sphericalHarmonics.cpp 23KB icgem2PotentialCoefficients.cpp 23KB gnssAntex2AntennaDefinition.cpp 23KB gnssRinexNavigation2OrbitClock.cpp 23KB gnssParametrizationCodeBiases.cpp 22KB gnssReceiverGeneratorStationNetwork.cpp 22KB gnssSignalBias2SinexBias.cpp 21KB gnssNormals2Sinex.cpp 21KB observationMiscSstVariational.cpp 21KB gnssAntennaDefinitionCreate.cpp 21KB gravityfieldTopography.cpp 21KB parametrizationGravityEarthquakeOscillation.cpp 20KB gnss.cpp 18KB mainWindow.cpp 18KB gnssParametrizationTecBiases.cpp 18KB fileNetCdf.cpp 18KB gnssAntennaNormalsConstraint.cpp 18KB sideBar.cpp 17KB fileSatelliteModel.cpp 17KB griddedData2PotentialCoefficients.cpp 17KB gnssParametrizationStaticPositions.cpp 17KB plotMisc.cpp 16KB instrument2CovarianceFunctionVCE.cpp 16KB gnssLambda.cpp 16KB plotAxis.cpp 16KB gnssReceiverGeneratorLowEarthOrbiter.cpp 15KB gnssParametrizationClocks.cpp 15KB parametrizationGravitySphericalHarmonics.cpp 15KB fileTimeSplinesGravityfield.cpp 15KB gravityfield.cpp 15KB gnssParametrizationTroposphere.cpp 14KB preprocessingVariationalEquationSstFit.cpp 14KB gnssAttitudeInfoCreate.cpp 14KB gnssObservation.cpp 14KB fileConvert.cpp 14KB programDialog.cpp 14KB gnssClock2ClockRinex.cpp 14KB gnssParametrizationIonosphereMap.cpp 14KB archiveAscii.cpp 13KB integralEquation.cpp 13KB digitalFilter.cpp 13KB kernel.cpp 13KB troposphereViennaMapping.cpp 13KB instrumentSynchronize.cpp 13KB wavelets.cpp 13KB equinoctial.cpp 13KB doodson.cpp 13KB instrumentEstimateHelmertTransformation.cpp 13KB gnssResiduals2AccuracyDefinition.cpp 13KB gravityfield2TimeSplines.cpp 13KB treeElementGlobal.cpp 13KB gnssParametrizationEarthRotation.cpp 13KB gnssParametrizationLeoDynamicOrbits.cpp 13KB tides.cpp 12KB instrument2RmsPlotGrid.cpp 12KB preprocessingVariationalEquationOrbitFit.cpp 12KB griddedDataCalculate.cpp 12KB gnssParametrization.cpp 12KB logging.cpp 12KB preprocessingGradiometer.cpp 12KB observationMiscPodIntegral.cpp 12KB variationalEquation.cpp 12KB gnssBiasClockAlignment.cpp 12KB satelliteModelCreate.cpp 12KB dataVariables.cpp 12KB fileGriddedData.cpp 12KB plotMapProjection.cpp 11KB fileGnssStationInfo.cpp 11KB共 1602 条
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