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2018/5/16 Serial Port Programming on Windows using Win32 API | xanthium enterprises
http://xanthium.in/Serial-Port-Programming-using-Win32-API 1/11
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Serial Port Programming using Win32 API
Serial Port Programming using Win32 API
Serial Port Programming using Win32 API
Submitted by Rahul.Sreedharan on 7 June 2015 - 10:33am
In this tutorial we will learn How to communicate with an external device like a microcontroller board or
modem  using  the  Serial  port  of  a  windows  PC(Windows  XP,7).  The  software  is  written  using  C
language and communicates with the Serial Port using Win32 API.
In Windows ,Serial ports are named as COM1,COM2 ,COM3.. etc .COM1 and COM2  usually refer  to
the  hardware  serial  ports  present  in  the  PC  while  COM  numbers  in  double  digits  like
COM32,COM54,COM24.. etc are given to USB to Serial Converters or PCI serial port extenders. 
If  your  PC does not have any hardware serial  ports  (RS232  DB9  ports),  you  can  use  USB  to  Serial
Converter's like USB2SERIAL.
If  you  are  interested  in  setting  up  an  RS485  network  controlled  by  your  PC  to  control  a  robot  or  a
sensor network ,you can use USB2SERIAL board (buy here).
The Board can also be used as an FT232 development board.
Sourcecodes
All the C sourefiles used in this tutorial can be downloaded from our GitHub Page.
Please note that the sourcecodes on the website show only the relevant sections to highlight the
process of programming the serial port.
Please use the complete sourcecodes from our github repo when building your own program.
If you are new to Github  Check this article to download code .
Compilers and IDE's used 
To  Compile  the  C  file  you  can  use  either  Visual  Studio  Express  edition  from  Microsoft  or  MinGW
(Windows port of GCC). 
Visual Studio 2013 Express Edition for Desktop can be freely downloaded (its a large download) from
Microsoft's website. Here is a short tutorial on how to setup a C project in VS 2013. 
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2018/5/16 Serial Port Programming on Windows using Win32 API | xanthium enterprises

http://xanthium.in/Serial-Port-Programming-using-Win32-API 2/11

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If you don’t want to download the Visual Studio and want something simpler you can use MinGW,

which is an open source port of GCC for windows environment. After you have installed the MinGW,

package make sure to add gcc to system path so that you can call it from anywhere.

Finding out your COM port Number

To find out the COM number corresponding to your serial port, Open Device Manager by right clicking

on My Computer icon and selecting Manage → Device Manager.Under Ports(COM & LPT) you can

see the parallel and serial ports (COM) detected by your system.

If your PC has any hardware ports, it will be shown either as COM1 or COM2 under the Ports Section. I

am using a FTDI based USB to Serial Converter (USB2SERIAL)which is recognized as COM24 (this

may be different under your system). If you double click on COM24,you can see the details of the

corresponding port.

Opening and Closing a Serial Port

In Windows we use the CreateFile() function to open a serial port.

CreateFile() is a Win 32 function which is used to create or open a file, stream or an IO device like

serial port.On success CreateFile() will return a handle which is then used to refer the connection in all

subsequent operations.

After opening a serial port using the CreateFile() function you should close it with CloseHandle()

function, otherwise port will become unavailable to other programs.

Now let's write a small program to open and close a serial port on Windows. Open a text editor like

notepad or Notepad++ and type the below code and save it as “serial.c”.If you are using IDE like VS

Express, use the one integrated with it.

#include<windows.h>

#include<stdio.h>

int main()

{

HANDLE hComm;

hComm = CreateFile(“\\\\.\\COM24”, //port name

GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE, //Read/Write

0, // No Sharing

NULL, // No Security

OPEN_EXISTING,// Open existing port only

0, // Non Overlapped I/O

NULL); // Null for Comm Devices

if (hComm == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)

printf(“Error in opening serial port”);

2018/5/16 Serial Port Programming on Windows using Win32 API | xanthium enterprises

http://xanthium.in/Serial-Port-Programming-using-Win32-API 3/11

else

printf(“opening serial port successful”);

CloseHandle(hComm);//Closing the Serial Port

return 0;

}

Find out the COM port corresponding to your system and substitute in CreateFile() instead of

COM24.

Now compile and run the program by pressing F5 in Visual Studio

by running the following command for gcc (MingW).Please make sure that gcc is added to you system

path.

D:\> gcc -o serial serial.c

Now let me explain the code ,

windows.h header file contain all the definitions, function prototypes and constants required by the

program.

In Windows everything is controlled by using handles.In the first line

HANDLE hComm;

we declare a handle hcomm to access and control the serial port.

Next we open a connection to serial port using CreateFile() function. The CreateFile() function on

success, returns a valid handle to the hComm variable.

CreateFile() function takes 7 arguments,

1. Name of the serial port to be opened here \\\\.\\COM24.

2. Mode of access, here Read and Write

3. Sharing options, Serial ports can't be shared so 0

4. NULL for Serial ports, used for File operations

5. Open the existing port, OPEN_EXISTING

6. Overlapped IO or Non overlapped IO, here 0 means we are using NonOverlapped IO. Overlapped

IO is used for multithreaded programs where

several threads can interact with the port simultaneously.

7. NULL for Serial port, used for file operations

If the function succeeds in opening the serial port, it returns a valid handle to hcomm which is then used

for error checking.

After that the connection to the port is closed using

CloseHandle(hComm);

Please note that in Windows, COM port numbers from COM1 to COM9 are reserved by the system.

If you are using a serial port whose COM port number falls in that range, you don’t need the back

slashes (\\\\.\\)shown in the above code.

You can access the serial port like this,

hComm = CreateFile(“COM1”, // for COM1—COM9 only

GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE, //Read/Write

0, // No Sharing

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