Ant Colony
Optimization
Marco Dorigo and Thomas Stützle
Ant Colony Optimization Marco Dorigo and Thomas Stützle
The complex social behaviors of ants have been much studied by science, and computer scientists are now finding that
these behavior patterns can provide models for solving difficult combinatorial optimization problems. The attempt to
develop algorithms inspired by one aspect of ant behavior, the ability to find what computer scientists would call shortest
paths, has become the field of ant colony optimization (ACO), the most successful and widely recognized algorithmic
technique based on ant behavior. This book presents an overview of this rapidly growing field, from its theoretical inception
to practical applications, including descriptions of many available ACO algorithms and their uses.
The book first describes the translation of observed ant behavior into working optimization algorithms. The ant
colony metaheuristic is then introduced and viewed in the general context of combinatorial optimization. This is followed
by a detailed description and guide to all major ACO algorithms and a report on current theoretical findings. The book
surveys ACO applications now in use, including routing, assignment, scheduling, subset, machine learning, and bioin-
formatics problems. AntNet, an ACO algorithm designed for the network routing problem, is described in detail. The
authors conclude by summarizing the progress in the field and outlining future research directions. Each chapter ends
with bibliographic material, bullet points setting out important ideas covered in the chapter, and exercises. Ant Colony
Optimization will be of interest to academic and industry researchers, graduate students, and practitioners who wish to
learn how to implement ACO algorithms.
Marco Dorigo is research director of the IRIDIA lab at the Université Libre de Bruxelles and the inventor of the ant
colony optimization metaheuristic for combinatorial optimization problems. He has received the Marie Curie Excellence
Award for his research work on ant colony optimization and ant algorithms. He is the coauthor of Robot Shaping (MIT
Press, 1998) and Swarm Intelligence. Thomas Stützle is Assistant Professor in the Computer Science Department at
Darmstadt University of Technology.
A Bradford Book
Marco Dorigo and Thomas Stützle impressively demonstrate that the importance of ant behavior reaches far beyond the
sociobiological domain. Ant Colony Optimization presents the most successful algorithmic techniques to be developed
on the basis of ant behavior. This book will certainly open the gates for new experimental work on decision making,
division of labor, and communication; moreover, it will also inspire all those studying patterns of self-organization.”
Bert Hölldobler, Professor of Behavioral Physiology and Sociobiology, Biozentrum, University of Würzburg, Germany
Inspired by the remarkable ability of social insects to solve problems, Dorigo and Stützle introduce highly creative new
technological design principles for seeking optimized solutions to extremely difficult real-world problems, such as network
routing and task scheduling. This is essential reading not only for those working in artificial intelligence and optimization,
but for all of us who find the interface between biology and technology fascinating.”
Iain D. Couzin, Princeton University and University of Oxford
The MIT Press Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142 http://mitpress.mit.edu 0-262-04219-3
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Ant Colony Optimization Dorigo and Stützle
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