Functional Description
Multiplexer. The device contains an 8-channel single-ended
analog signal multiplexer. A particular input channel is se-
lected by using the address decoder. Table 1 shows the input
states for the address lines to select any channel. The
address is latched into the decoder on the low-to-high tran-
sition of the address latch enable signal.
TABLE 1.
SELECTED ADDRESS LINE
ANALOG CHANNEL C B A
IN0 L L L
IN1 L L H
IN2 L H L
IN3 L H H
IN4 H L L
IN5 H L H
IN6 H H L
IN7 H H H
CONVERTER CHARACTERISTICS
The Converter
The heart of this single chip data acquisition system is its
8-bit analog-to-digital converter. The converter is designed to
give fast, accurate, and repeatable conversions over a wide
range of temperatures. The converter is partitioned into 3
major sections: the 256R ladder network, the successive
approximation register, and the comparator. The converter’s
digital outputs are positive true.
The 256R ladder network approach (Figure 1) was chosen
over the conventional R/2R ladder because of its inherent
monotonicity, which guarantees no missing digital codes.
Monotonicity is particularly important in closed loop feedback
control systems. A non-monotonic relationship can cause
oscillations that will be catastrophic for the system. Addition-
ally, the 256R network does not cause load variations on the
reference voltage.
The bottom resistor and the top resistor of the ladder net-
work in Figure 1 are not the same value as the remainder of
the network. The difference in these resistors causes the
output characteristic to be symmetrical with the zero and
full-scale points of the transfer curve. The first output transi-
tion occurs when the analog signal has reached +
1
⁄
2
LSB
and succeeding output transitions occur every 1 LSB later up
to full-scale.
The successive approximation register (SAR) performs 8
iterations to approximate the input voltage. For any SAR
type converter, n-iterations are required for an n-bit con-
verter. Figure 2 shows a typical example of a 3-bit converter.
In the ADC0808, ADC0809, the approximation technique is
extended to 8 bits using the 256R network.
The A/D converter’s successive approximation register
(SAR) is reset on the positive edge of the start conversion
start pulse. The conversion is begun on the falling edge of
the start conversion pulse. A conversion in process will be
interrupted by receipt of a new start conversion pulse. Con-
tinuous conversion may be accomplished by tying the
end-of-conversion (EOC) output to the SC input. If used in
this mode, an external start conversion pulse should be
applied after power up. End-of-conversion will go low be-
tween 0 and 8 clock pulses after the rising edge of start
conversion.
The most important section of the A/D converter is the
comparator. It is this section which is responsible for the
ultimate accuracy of the entire converter. It is also the com-
parator drift which has the greatest influence on the repeat-
ability of the device. A chopper-stabilized comparator pro-
vides the most effective method of satisfying all the
converter requirements.
The chopper-stabilized comparator converts the DC input
signal into an AC signal. This signal is then fed through a
high gain AC amplifier and has the DC level restored. This
technique limits the drift component of the amplifier since the
drift is a DC component which is not passed by the AC
amplifier. This makes the entire A/D converter extremely
insensitive to temperature, long term drift and input offset
errors.
Figure 4 shows a typical error curve for the ADC0808 as
measured using the procedures outlined in AN-179.
ADC0808/ADC0809
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