《考研语法10天速成电子教材》是针对考研英语语法学习的一本高效教程,由知名教育专家印建坤主讲。本教材旨在帮助考生在短时间内掌握考研所需的语法知识,特别是对定语从句的深入理解和运用。
定语从句是英语语法中的重要组成部分,它用于修饰名词或代词,表达对被修饰词的附加信息。定语从句通常由两个关键部分组成:先行词和关系词。先行词是被修饰的名词或代词,而关系词则引导定语从句并有时在从句中充当成分。在句子 "A rich person is not the one who has the most, but is the one who needs the least." 中,“who has the most”和“who needs the least”就是两个定语从句,分别修饰“the one”。
定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词,甚至短语或句子。例如,"He laughs best who laughs last."中的"who laughs last"就是定语从句,修饰"the one (who laughs best)"。对于短语或句子作先行词的情况,如"The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.","which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be"就是一个定语从句,修饰整个主句。
当先行词与关系词被隔开时,识别先行词的方法是通过“反证法”,即试着将可能的先行词带入到定语从句中,看哪个能使得句子意义通顺。此外,翻译定语从句并结合先行词的位置和结构特点也能帮助确定先行词。
在关系代词的使用上,常见的是which, that, who, whom。其中,whom的使用频率较低,且如果关系词前有介词,通常使用which而非that。例如:"You can have everything which you like."中,which代替了all that。值得注意的是,what在某些情况下可以作为关系代词,但不能在已有关系词的情况下使用,如"You can have all that you like."不能改为"You can have everything what you like."
此外,as作为一个特殊的关系词,既可引导限制性定语从句,如"such...as"或"as...as"结构,也可引导非限制性定语从句。例如"I was a boy which you know."可以改为"As you know, I was a boy."。在考试中,as引导限制性定语从句时,常常与固定搭配一起出现,如"such a student as works hard"。
总结起来,《考研语法10天速成电子教材》涵盖了定语从句的各个方面,包括其概念、先行词的识别、关系词的用法及其特殊形式,为考生提供了系统且实用的语法学习资源,有助于考生在短时间内提升英语语法水平,更好地应对考研英语的挑战。