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Head First PMP
by Jennifer Greene, PMP and Andrew Stellman, PMP
Copyright © 2007 O’Reilly Media, Inc. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America.
Published by O’Reilly Media, Inc., 1005 Gravenstein Highway North, Sebastopol, CA 95472.
O’Reilly Media books may be purchased for educational, business, or sales promotional use. Online editions are
also available for most titles (safari.oreilly.com). For more information, contact our corporate/institutional sales
department: (800) 998-9938 or corporate@oreilly.com.
Series Creators: Kathy Sierra, Bert Bates
Series Editor: Brett D. McLaughlin
Acquisitions Editor: Mary O’Brien
Design Editor: Louise Barr
Cover Designers: Louise Barr, Steve Fehler
Production Editor: Sanders Kleinfeld
Indexer: Julie Hawks
Page Viewers: Quentin the whippet and Tequila the pomeranian
Printing History:
March 2007: First Edition.
The O’Reilly logo is a registered trademark of O’Reilly Media, Inc. The Head First series designations,
Head First PMP, and related trade dress are trademarks of O’Reilly Media, Inc.
PMP and PMBOK are registered marks of Project Management Institute, Inc.
Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as
trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and O’Reilly Media, Inc., was aware of a trademark
claim, the designations have been printed in caps or initial caps.
While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and the authors assume no
responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein.
No dogs, rabbits, or bears were harmed in the making of this book. Okay, maybe one bear… but he’ll get over it.
ISBN-10: 0-596-10234-8
ISBN-13: 978-0-596-10234-0
[M]
you are here 4 509
project risk management
How you deal with risk
When you’re planning your project, risks are still uncertain: they haven’t happened
yet. But eventually, some of the risks that you plan for do happen. And that’s when
you have to deal with them. There are four basic ways to handle a risk:
Avoid
The best thing that
you can do with a
risk is avoid it—if
you can prevent it
from happening,
it definitely won’t
hurt your project.
11
Mitigate
If you can’t avoid the
risk, you can mitigate it.
This means taking some
sort of action that will
cause it to do as little
damage to your project
as possible.
22
Transfer
One effective way
to deal with a risk
is to pay someone
else to accept it
for you. The most
common way to
do this is to buy
insurance.
33
Accept
When you can’t avoid, mitigate, or transfer a risk,
then you have to accept it. But even when you accept
a risk, at least you’ve looked at the alternatives and
you know what will happen if it occurs.
44
The easiest way to avoid
this risk is to walk away
from the cliff… but that
may not be an option on
this project.
If you can’t avoid the risk, and there’s
nothing you can do to reduce its
impact, then accepting it
is your only choice.
Looks like falling is
the best option.
520 Chapter 11
Where to look for risks
A good way to understand risks for the exam is to know where they
come from. If you start thinking about how you find risks on your
project, it will help you figure out how to handle them.
Here are a few things to keep in mind when you’re looking for risks:
These areas are a good start, but there are plenty of other places on your
project where you can find risks. Can you think of some of them?
find all the risks
You can’t always depend on all the
resources you were promised.
Have you ever been promised a person,
equipment, conference room, or some other
resource, only to be told at the last minute that
the resource you were depending on wasn’t
available? What about having a critical team
member get sick or leave the company at the
worst possible time? Check your list of resources.
If a resource might not be available to you when
you need it, then that’s a risk.
11
The critical path is full of risks.
Remember the critical path method from
the Time Management chapter? Well, an
activity on the critical path is a lot riskier
than an activity with plenty of float,
because any delay in that activity will delay
the project.
22
”When you assume...”
Have you ever heard that old saying about what
happens when you assume? At the beginning of
the project, your team had to make a bunch of
assumptions in order to do your estimates. But
some of those assumptions may not actually be
true, even though you needed to make them for
the sake of the estimate. It’s a good thing you
wrote them down—now it’s time to go back and
look at that list. If you find that some of them
that are likely to be false, then you’ve found a
risk.
33
Look outside your project.
Is there a new rule, regulation or law being
passed that might affect your project? A
new union contract being negotiated?
Could the price of a critical component
suddenly jump? There are plenty of things
outside of your project that are risks—and
if you identify them now, you can plan for
them and not be caught off guard.
44
If an activity that’s not on the critical
path has a really small float, that means
a small problem could easily cause it to
become critical—which could lead to big
delays in your project.
Finding risks means talking to
your team and being creative.
Risks can be anywhere.
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