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------------------- PRADO v1.7 Tutorial ------------------- Qiang Xue qiang.xue@gmail.com -------------------- Copyright 2004. All Rights Reserved. Getting started ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * What is PRADO? ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ PRADO is an event-driven and component-based framework for developing Web applications in PHP 5. Developing a PRADO Web application mainly involves instantiating prebuilt component types, configuring them by setting their properties, responding to their events by writing handler functions, and composing them into pages for the application. It is very similar to RAD toolkits, such as Borland Delphi and Microsoft Visual Basic, that are used to develop desktop GUI applications. Let's use a simple example to describe the power of the PRADO framework. Assume we want to develop a "login page" with PRADO. We will use two <<<TTextBox>>> components and one <<<TButton>>> component to represent the username input, the password input, and the submit button, respectively. We set the <<<TextMode>>> property of the password component to <<<Password>>>, and attach a <<<login>>> function to the <<<OnClick>>> event of the button. A fully functional "login page" is then established by putting these components onto the page template at appropriate locations. The components will take care of the issues such as how to display to the user and how to fetch the data from the user and respond to his/her actions. For example, the <<<TTextBox>>> components will show input fields to the user; the text entered into the password field will be hidden and can be fetched via the <<<Text>>> property of the corresponding <<<TTextBox>>> component in code; and when the user clicks on the submit button, the <<<login>>> function will be automatically invoked. This is very different from traditional PHP programming processes in which developers are responsible for displaying the HTML tags of the input fields and the button, and they also need to interpret the form POST data to get the user input and determine whether the button is clicked. PRADO enables the ultimate reusability of code by its protocol for defining and using components. Some repetitive and tedious work, such as form field validation and page state management, can be handled using the provided PRADO components. Developers can also develop new components by either inheriting or composing from existing components, and the new components are ready to distribute. In summary, PRADO provides the following benefits for PHP programmers: * <<Reusability>> - Codes following the PRADO component protocol are highly reusable. * <<Ease of use>> - Using PRADO components are extremely easy. Usually they simply involve configuring component properties and writing event handlers. * <<Robustness>> - PRADO frees developers from writing boring, buggy code. They code in terms of objects, methods and properties, instead of URLs and query parameters. The latest PHP5 exception mechanism is exploited that enables line-precise error reporting. * <<Performance>> - PRADO applications are fast. PRADO implements a caching technique that allows the performance of PRADO applications to be comparable to those based on commonly used template engines. * <<Team integration>> - PRADO enables separation of content and presentation. Components, typically pages, have their content (logic) and presentation stored in different files. The introduction of module concept facilitates task division and centralization of logic and data. There are many PHP frameworks currently. Mojavi, WACT and many other frameworks (such as PHP.MVC, Phrame) mainly try to establish a loose standard of organizing PHP programming (such as model-view-controller). Some of them are more oriented to developing content management systems and thus provide additional functionalities such as user management modules etc. Compared with these frameworks, PRADO focuses more on establishing a standard of reusing codes and event-driven programming. If you have experience with Windows programming using Visual Basic or Delphi, you will find Web programming with PRADO is very similar. Most of the time, you only need to set component properties and respond to component events. Higher level of code reusability, such as the aforementioned user management module, can be achieved based on PRADO components. The idea of PRADO was first inspired by the Apache Tapestry project. During its design and implementation, Borland Delphi and Microsoft ASP.NET play a very important role in helping me think and design. In fact, people having experience with ASP.NET may find a lot of similar aspects in PRADO. * Installation ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ PRADO requires PHP 5 with SimpleXML extension. It has been tested on Windows XP and RedHat Linux with Apache httpd and Microsoft IIS Web servers. The framework is distributed in a <<<.zip>>> file. You can unpack it using <<<unzip>>> on Linux or <<<WinZip>>> on Windows. After the file is unpacked, a directory named <<<prado>>> will be created under the current directory. The directory mainly contains the following files and directories, ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ README.html the readme file for this project index.html this has the same content as README.html COPYRIGHT copyright information for this project HISTORY version update information framework/ the core code of PRADO framework examples/ several PRADO examples docs/ PRADO documentation ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Now copy everything in <<<prado>>> to the root directory of the Web server. You can also put these files in a subdirectory of the root directory, but you will have to change the URLs for visiting the following PRADO examples accordingly. You are done with the installation! You can now try out the four examples included in the PRADO distribution, "Hello, world!", the Hangman Game, the PRADO Phonebook and the PRADO Blog by the following URLs, respectively, * "Hello, world!" -- <<<http://\<Web-server-address\>/examples/helloworld.php>>> * the Hangman game -- <<<http://\<Web-server-address\>/examples/hangman.php>>> * the PRADO phonebook -- <<<http://\<Web-server-address\>/examples/phonebook.php>>> * the PRADO blog -- <<<http://\<Web-server-address\>/examples/blog.php>>> * Example: Hello, World! ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ In this section, we describe the "Hello, world!" example to give you a sense of PRADO application development. The example is very simple. It has only one page that displays a click button with "Click me" text on it. When user clicks on the button, the text will change to "Hello, world!". We will need the following files for this task, * <<<helloworld.php>>>, the main entry to the application; * <<<helloworld/application.spec>>>, the application specification file; * <<<helloworld/HomePage.php>>>, the page class file; * <<<helloworld/HomePage.tpl>>>, the page template file. Note, the <<<helloworld>>> directory should be configured inaccessible to end-users because it contains sensitive application information. In the <<<helloworld.php>>> file, we mainly instantiate the <<<TApplication>>> class and starts the application, as shown in the following, --------------------------------------------------