2Table of Contents
Data and instruction references ............................................................ 36
IBM 370 ........................................................................................... 37
SPARC ............................................................................................. 40
SPARC V8 ................................................................................... 40
SPARC V9 ................................................................................... 42
Intel x86 ........................................................................................... 43
Paging and Virtual Memory ................................................................. 45
The program address space .............................................................. 48
Mapped files ..................................................................................... 49
Shared libraries and programs ......................................................... 51
Position-independent code ............................................................... 51
Intel 386 Segmentation ........................................................................ 53
Embedded architectures ....................................................................... 55
Address space quirks ........................................................................ 56
Non-uniform memory ...................................................................... 56
Memory alignment ........................................................................... 57
Exercises .............................................................................................. 57
Chapter 3: Object Files ........................................................ 59
What goes into an object file? .............................................................. 59
Designing an object format .............................................................. 60
The null object format: MS-DOS .COM files ...................................... 61
Code sections: Unix a.out files ............................................................. 61
a.out headers .................................................................................... 64
Interactions with virtual memory ..................................................... 65
Relocation: MS-DOS EXE files ........................................................... 72
Symbols and relocation ........................................................................ 74
Relocatable a.out .................................................................................. 75
Relocation entries ............................................................................. 78
Symbols and strings ......................................................................... 80
a.out summary .................................................................................. 82
Unix ELF ............................................................................................. 82
Relocatable files ............................................................................... 85
ELF executable files ......................................................................... 92
ELF summary ................................................................................... 94
