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太阳能热水器控制器的设计

摘要

太阳能是现在社会巨大的能源，人们利用太阳能可以节省好多的能源，所以要好好

利用太阳能，发挥它应有的作用。太阳能热水器因利用太阳能、无污染、使用方便、长

期使用投入费用低等特点而倍受人们的青睐，得到很好的开展。

本设计以单片机89S52做为控制核心并协调整个系统的工作，通过数字温度传感器

检测当前水的温度，由于是数字信号就直接送入单片机89S52，通过单片机的处理在

LED数码管上显示当前的温度值。另外一路是在水箱中的水压传感器测水的压力从而得

到水位的上下，水压传感器输出的是0～5V的模拟量，要经过A/D转换成为数字量再送

入单片机89S52进展处理，在LED数码管上显示水位值。按键用来设定想要控制的温度

值，单片机在部通过比较设定的温度和当前温度，当前温度小于设定温度时就会闭合电

磁开关，开启加热装置。高于设定温度时断开开关停顿加热。自动上水方面是设置水位

的上限和下限，水位低于下限时就会闭合电磁开关，开场上水，当水位高于上线时就会

自动断开电磁开关，停顿上水。温度和水位值在时时检测，到达控制目的。

关键词：太阳能热水器,传感器,控制,单片机

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Design ofController ofSolar Water Heater

ABSTRACT

S o l a r e n e r g y i s n o w a g r e a t re s o u r c e s, p e o p l e u s e s o l a r e n e r g y c a n

save a lot ofenergy, so make good use of solar energy, to play its proper

role . Sola r wat e r he a ter d u e to use o f s ol a r e n ergy , n o p ol l uti o n , ea s y t o

use, long-term use of inputs and low cost has attracted people's favor, well

developed.

T h i s d e s i g n m o s t l y 8 9 S 5 2 m i c r o c o n t r o l l e r c o r e a s a c o n t r o l a n d

c o o r d i n a t e t h e w o r k o f t h e e n t i r e s y s t e m , d i g i t a l t e m p e r a t u r e s e n s o r b y

d e t e c t i n g t h e c u r r e n t w a t e r t e m p e r a t u r e , b e c a u s e t h e n u m b e r o f d i g i t a l

sign a l directl y into the MCU 89S5 2, th ro ugh SCM handl e LED digital t u be

displays the current temperature. Another way is the pressure in the tank

p re s s u r e s e n s o r m e a s u r i n g t h e w a t e r l e v e l t o g e t t h e w a t e r l e v e l , w a t e r

pressure sensor output is 0 ~ 5V for analog to go through A/D converted

i n t o d i g i t a l a n d t h e n p r o c e s s e d i n t o t h e M C U 8 9 S 5 2 , i n L E D d i g i t a l t u b e

d i s p l a y l e v e l v a l u e . B u t t o n i s u s e d t o s e t t h e d e s i r e d t e m p e r a t u r e ,

m i c r o c o n t r o l l e r i n t e r n a l l y b y p a r i n g t h e s e t t e m p e r a t u r e a n d c u r r e n t

temperature, current temperature is less than the set value will be closed

w h en t he e le c t r o m a g n e t ic s wi t c h , o p e n th e h e a t i n g de v i c e . S h e un g S h u i

aspect automatically set the upper limit water level, water level less than

t h e l o w e r l i m i t w i l l b e c l o s e d e l e c t r o m a g n e t i c s w i t c h , w i l l b e g i n t o

water, the water level reaches the line is automatically disconnected when

the electromagnetic switch, stop watering. Temperature and water values

detect constantly to controlling purposes.

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KEYWORDS:Solar heater, Sensor, control,MCU
目 录
摘要.............................................................................................................................................I
ABSTRACT..............................................................................................................................II
前言.........................................................................................................................................1
1 课题背景和意义..........................................................................................................1
2 本课题研究容与主要工作..........................................................................................2
3 本课题的研究预期成果..............................................................................................2
总体系统设计.........................................................................................................................3
总体硬件设计.........................................................................................................................4
1系统总体硬件框图与工作原理...................................................................................4
2温度传感器...................................................................................................................4
2.1温度传感器DS18B20..........................................................................................4
2.2DS18B20的构造..................................................................................................6
3 水压传感器及A/D转换...............................................................................................7
3.1 水压传感器.........................................................................................................7
3.2 ADC0832构造及原理.........................................................................................7
4 电磁开关电路及原理..................................................................................................8
4.1 光电隔离器的原理.............................................................................................9
4.2 电磁继电器的原理...........................................................................................10
5 单片机控制系统........................................................................................................11
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 3.6 LED数码管显示电路................................................................................................13
 3.7按键电路设计.............................................................................................................14
4 软件设计方案.......................................................................................................................15
 4.1 DS18B20驱动程序设计............................................................................................16
4.1.1 DS18B20工作过程及时序...............................................................................17
4.1.2 DS18B20的驱动程序.......................................................................................18
 4.2串行AD转换器ADC0832程序设计...........................................................................20
 4.3按键控制程序设计.....................................................................................................24
 4.4LED数码管显示程序设计.........................................................................................27
5硬件电路仿真结果................................................................................................................30
 5.1 温度仿真....................................................................................................................30
5.1.1 温度显示仿真...................................................................................................30
5.1.2 温度控制仿真...................................................................................................30
 5.2 水位仿真....................................................................................................................32
5.2.1 水位显示仿真...................................................................................................32
5.2.2 水位控制仿真...................................................................................................33
 5.3 仿真结果分析............................................................................................................34
致..............................................................................................................................................36
参考文献..................................................................................................................................37
附录Ⅰ 系统总原理图.............................................................................................................38
附录Ⅱ 系统源程序.................................................................................................................39
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