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### Maven Definitive Guide 关键知识点解析 #### 标题：Maven Definitive Guide - **Maven版本覆盖范围**：文档明确指出其内容涵盖了Maven 2.0.9及以上版本，这意味着读者可以从中了解到Maven 2.x系列的基础知识及高级特性。 - **出版信息**：该指南由O'Reilly出版社发行，第一版于2008年10月1日出版。这表明了该书是在Maven发展过程中较为成熟的一个阶段编写的，能够为用户提供稳定且实用的知识。 #### 描述：Covers: Maven 2.0.9+ - **内容概述**：该描述强调了文档将涵盖Maven 2.0.9及以上版本的内容，暗示读者可以通过此书深入学习Maven的核心功能、最佳实践以及如何有效地管理和构建项目。 #### 标签：“maven” - **主题标识**：标签“maven”明确了本书的主题是关于Maven的，即一个自动化构建工具，它通过定义项目的生命周期、依赖管理和其他标准构建过程来简化Java项目的构建流程。 #### 部分内容分析 ##### 编辑与作者 - **编辑**：Tim O’Brien。 - **主要作者**：Tim O’Brien、Jason van Zyl、Brian Fox、John Casey、Juven Xu 和 Thomas Locher。 - **贡献作者**：Dan Fabulish、Eric Redmond、Bruce Snyder 和 Larry Shatzer。 - 这些作者均是Maven社区内的知名人士或专家，他们的参与确保了本书内容的专业性和权威性。 ##### Sonatype在线培训 - **培训提供者**：Sonatype。 - **培训目标**：旨在让学员从Maven专家那里直接学习到实战经验和最佳实践。 - **培训方式**：通过交互式的WebEx培训环境，学员可以实时与在线讲师互动。 - **提供的课程**： - MVN-101 Maven Mechanics：为期两天（半日制）的线上课程，适合需要了解如何使用现有Maven构建的程序员。 - MVN-201 Development Infrastructure Design：同样为期两天（半日制）的线上课程，面向负责维护企业开发基础设施的工程师。 ##### 内容章节概览 - **第1章：介绍Apache Maven** - Maven是什么：定义Maven及其在软件开发中的角色。 - 公约优于配置：解释Maven如何通过减少配置复杂性来简化项目管理。 - 共同的接口：介绍Maven提供的一致性命令行界面，便于用户理解和操作。 - 通过Maven插件实现通用复用：阐述Maven插件系统如何促进功能的复用。 - 项目概念模型：描述Maven如何组织项目结构，并定义项目的各个组成部分。 - Maven与其他工具的比较：讨论Maven相对于其他构建工具的优势。 - Maven与Ant的对比：通过与Ant的比较，进一步突出Maven的特点。 - **第2章：安装并运行Maven** - Java环境验证：确保用户已经正确安装了Java环境。 - Maven下载：提供Maven的官方下载链接。 - Maven安装指南：详细介绍如何在不同操作系统上安装Maven，包括Mac OS X、Microsoft Windows、Linux以及FreeBSD或OpenBSD。《Maven Definitive Guide》是一本全面介绍Maven构建工具的专业指南，不仅涵盖了Maven的基础知识和核心概念，还提供了详细的安装指导和使用教程，同时，该书还附带了由Maven专家提供的高质量在线培训资源，非常适合希望深入了解Maven的开发者阅读。

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Copyright ............................................................................................................................................................... ix

1. Creative Commons BY-ND-NC .................................................................................................................. ix

Foreword: 0.7 ......................................................................................................................................................... xi

1. Revision History ......................................................................................................................................... xi

1.1. Changes in Edition 0.7 ..................................................................................................................... xi

1.2. Changes in Edition 0.6 ................................................................................................................... xiv

1.3. Changes in Edition 0.5 ................................................................................................................... xiv

1.4. Changes in Edition 0.4 .................................................................................................................... xv

Preface ................................................................................................................................................................ xvii

1. How to Use this Book ............................................................................................................................. xvii

2. Your Feedback ........................................................................................................................................ xvii

3. Font Conventions .................................................................................................................................... xviii

4. Maven Writing Conventions .................................................................................................................... xviii

5. Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................... xix

1. Introducing Apache Maven .................................................................................................................................. 1

1.1. Maven... What is it? .................................................................................................................................. 1

1.2. Convention Over Configuration ................................................................................................................. 1

1.3. A Common Interface ................................................................................................................................ 2

1.4. Universal Reuse through Maven Plugins .................................................................................................... 3

1.5. Conceptual Model of a "Project" ............................................................................................................... 3

1.6. Is Maven an alternative to XYZ? ............................................................................................................... 4

1.7. Comparing Maven with Ant ...................................................................................................................... 5

1.8. Summary .................................................................................................................................................. 7

2. Installing and Running Maven ............................................................................................................................. 8

2.1. Verify your Java Installation ..................................................................................................................... 8

2.2. Downloading Maven ................................................................................................................................. 8

2.3. Installing Maven ....................................................................................................................................... 8

2.3.1. Installing Maven on Mac OSX ....................................................................................................... 9

2.3.2. Installing Maven on Microsoft Windows ....................................................................................... 10

2.3.3. Installing Maven on Linux ............................................................................................................ 10

2.3.4. Installing Maven on FreeBSD or OpenBSD ................................................................................... 10

2.4. Testing a Maven Installation .................................................................................................................... 10

2.5. Maven Installation Details ....................................................................................................................... 11

2.5.1. User-specific Configuration and Repository ................................................................................... 11

2.5.2. Upgrading a Maven Installation .................................................................................................... 12

2.5.3. Upgrading from Maven 1.x to Maven 2.x ...................................................................................... 12

2.6. Uninstalling Maven ................................................................................................................................. 13

2.7. Getting Help with Maven ........................................................................................................................ 13

2.8. Using the Maven Help Plugin .................................................................................................................. 14

2.8.1. Describing a Maven Plugin ........................................................................................................... 14

2.9. About the Apache Software License ........................................................................................................ 16

I. Maven by Example ............................................................................................................................................ 18

3. A Simple Maven Project ............................................................................................................................ 19

3.1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 19

3.1.1. Downloading this Chapter's Example ..................................................................................... 19

Maven: The Definitive Guide

iii

3.2. Creating a Simple Project ................................................................................................................ 19

3.3. Building a Simple Project ................................................................................................................ 21

3.4. Simple Project Object Model ........................................................................................................... 22

3.5. Core Concepts ................................................................................................................................ 23

3.5.1. Maven Plugins and Goals ..................................................................................................... 23

3.5.2. Maven Lifecycle .................................................................................................................. 25

3.5.3. Maven Coordinates ............................................................................................................... 27

3.5.4. Maven Repositories .............................................................................................................. 29

3.5.5. Maven's Dependency Management ........................................................................................ 30

3.5.6. Site Generation and Reporting .............................................................................................. 32

3.6. Summary ........................................................................................................................................ 32

4. Customizing a Maven Project ..................................................................................................................... 33

4.1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 33

4.1.1. Downloading this Chapter's Example ..................................................................................... 33

4.2. Defining the Simple Weather Project ............................................................................................... 33

4.2.1. Yahoo! Weather RSS ........................................................................................................... 33

4.3. Creating the Simple Weather Project ................................................................................................ 34

4.4. Customize Project Information ......................................................................................................... 35

4.5. Add New Dependencies .................................................................................................................. 37

4.6. Simple Weather Source Code .......................................................................................................... 38

4.7. Add Resources ................................................................................................................................ 43

4.8. Running the Simple Weather Program ............................................................................................. 44

4.8.1. The Maven Exec Plugin ....................................................................................................... 45

4.8.2. Exploring Your Project Dependencies ................................................................................... 45

4.9. Writing Unit Tests .......................................................................................................................... 47

4.10. Adding Test-scoped Dependencies ................................................................................................. 49

4.11. Adding Unit Test Resources .......................................................................................................... 50

4.12. Executing Unit Tests ..................................................................................................................... 52

4.12.1. Ignoring Test Failures ......................................................................................................... 53

4.12.2. Skipping Unit Tests ............................................................................................................ 54

4.13. Building a Packaged Command Line Application ............................................................................ 54

4.13.1. Attaching the Assembly Goal to the Package Phase .............................................................. 56

5. A Simple Web Application ........................................................................................................................ 58

5.1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 58

5.1.1. Downloading this Chapter's Example ..................................................................................... 58

5.2. Defining the Simple Web Application .............................................................................................. 58

5.3. Creating the Simple Web Project ..................................................................................................... 58

5.4. Configuring the Jetty Plugin ............................................................................................................ 60

5.5. Adding a Simple Servlet ................................................................................................................. 62

5.6. Adding J2EE Dependencies ............................................................................................................. 64

5.7. Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................... 65

6. A Multi-module Project ............................................................................................................................. 66

6.1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 66