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oracle 9i performance tuning guide 2
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oracle 9i performance tuning guide 2
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Oracle9i Database Performance
Tuning
Volume 2 - Student Guide
D11299GC21
Edition 2.1
June 2003
D38322
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2003. All rights reserved.
This documentation contains proprietary information of Oracle Corporation. It is
provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and disclosure and
is also protected by copyright law. Reverse engineering of the software is prohibited.
If this documentation is delivered to a U.S. Government Agency of the Department of
Defense, then it is delivered with Restricted Rights and the following legend is
applicable:
Restricted Rights Legend
Use, duplication or disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions for
commercial computer software and shall be deemed to be Restricted Rights software
under Federal law, as set forth in subparagraph (c)(1)(ii) of DFARS 252.227-7013,
Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software (October 1988).
This material or any portion of it may not be copied in any form or by any means
without the express prior written permission of Oracle Corporation. Any other copying
is a violation of copyright law and may result in civil and/or criminal penalties.
If this documentation is delivered to a U.S. Government Agency not within the
Department of Defense, then it is delivered with “Restricted Rights,” as defined in
FAR 52.227-14, Rights in Data-General, including Alternate III (June 1987).
The information in this document is subject to change without notice. If you find any
problems in the documentation, please report them in writing to Education Products,
Oracle Corporation, 500 Oracle Parkway, Box SB-6, Redwood Shores, CA 94065.
Oracle Corporation does not warrant that this document is error-free.
Oracle and all references to Oracle and Oracle products are trademarks or registered
trademarks of Oracle Corporation.
All other products or company names are used for identification purposes only, and
may be trademarks of their respective owners.
Authors
Peter Kilpatrick
Shankar Raman
Jim Womack
Technical Contributors
and Reviewers
Mirza Ahmad
David Austin
Ruth Baylis
Howard Bradley
Pietro Colombo
Michele Cyran
Benoit Dagerville
Connie Dialeris
Joel Goodman
Scott Gossett
Lilian Hobbs
Alexander Hunold
Sushil Kumar
Roderick Manalac
Howard Ostrow
Darren Pelacchi
Sander Rekveld
Maria Senise
Ranbir Singh
Janet Stern
Wayne Stokes
Tracy Stollberg
Harald Van Breederode
John Watson
Publisher
Joseph Fernandez
1 Overview of Oracle9i Database Performance Tuning
Objectives 1-2
Tuning Questions 1-3
Tuning Phases 1-5
Tuning Goals 1-6
Common Performance Problems 1-7
Tuning Steps During Development 1-8
Collect a Baseline Set of Statistics 1-9
Tuning Steps for a Production Database 1-10
Database Server Tuning Methodology 1-12
Performance Versus Safety Trade-Offs 1-14
Summary 1-15
2 Diagnostic and Tuning Tools
Objectives 2-2
Maintenance of the Alert Log File 2-3
Tuning Components of the Alert Log File 2-4
Background Processes Trace Files 2-5
User Trace Files 2-6
Views, Utilities, and Tools 2-7
Oracle Enterprise Manager Console 2-9
Performance Manager 2-10
Overview of Oracle Expert Tuning Methodology 2-12
Tuning Using Oracle Expert 2-13
Statspack 2-15
Statspack Output 2-17
Dictionary and Special Views 2-20
Displaying Systemwide Statistics 2-21
Displaying Session-Related Statistics 2-24
Oracle Wait Events 2-26
The
v$event_name View 2-27
Statistics Event Views 2-28
The
v$session_event View 2-29
The
v$session_wait View 2-30
The
v$system_event View 2-32
Dynamic Troubleshooting and Performance Views 2-33
Troubleshooting and Tuning Views 2-34
utlbstat and utlestat Scripts 2-36
DBA-Developed Tools 2-37
Level of Statistics Collection 2-38
Summary 2-40
Contents
iii
3 Database Configuration and I/O Issues
Objectives 3-2
Oracle Processes and Files 3-3
Performance Guidelines 3-4
Distributing Files Across Devices 3-5
IO Topology Support 3-6
Tablespace Usage 3-7
Locally Managed
system Tablespace 3-8
Diagnostic Tools for Checking I/O Statistics 3-9
Using the
v$filestat View 3-10
Performance Manager: I/O Statistics 3-11
I/O Statistics 3-12
File Striping 3-13
Tuning Full Table Scan Operations 3-15
Table Scan Statistics 3-17
Monitoring Full Table Scan Operations 3-18
Checkpoints 3-20
Full Checkpoints 3-21
Performance Manager: Response Time 3-22
Regulating the Checkpoint Queue 3-23
Defining and Monitoring Fast Start Checkpointing 3-24
Redo Log Groups and Members 3-26
Online Redo Log File Configuration 3-27
Increasing the Performance of Archiving 3-29
Diagnostic Tools 3-30
Summary 3-31
4 Tuning the Shared Pool
Objectives 4-2
Shared Pool Contents 4-3
Shared Pool 4-4
The Library Cache 4-5
Important Shared Pool Latches 4-7
Shared Pool and Library Cache Latches 4-8
Tuning the Library Cache 4-9
Terminology 4-11
Diagnostic Tools for Tuning the Library Cache 4-12
Are Cursors Being Shared? 4-13
Sharing Cursors 4-14
Guidelines: Library Cache Reloads 4-15
Library Cache Guidelines
Statspack Report 4-16
Invalidations 4-17
Sizing the Library Cache 4-19
iv
Shared Pool Advisory 4-20
Oracle Enterprise Manager Shared Pool Size Advisor 4-22
Cached Execution Plans 4-23
Views to Support Cached Execution Plans 4-24
Support for Cached Execution Plans 4-25
Global Space Allocation 4-26
Large Memory Requirements 4-28
Tuning the Shared Pool Reserved Space 4-30
Keeping Large Objects 4-32
Anonymous PL/SQL Blocks 4-34
Other Parameters Affecting the Library Cache 4-36
Tuning the Data Dictionary Cache 4-38
Diagnostic Tools for Tuning the Data Dictionary Cache 4-39
Measuring the Dictionary Cache Statistics 4-40
Tuning the Data Dictionary Cache 4-42
Guidelines: Dictionary Cache Misses 4-43
Performance Manager: Shared Pool Statistics 4-44
UGA and Oracle Shared Server 4-45
Determining the User Global Area Size 4-46
Large Pool 4-47
Summary 4-48
5 Tuning the Buffer Cache
Objectives 5-2
Buffer Cache Characteristics 5-3
Buffer Cache Sizing Parameters 5-5
Dynamic Buffer Cache Advisory Parameter 5-6
View to Support Buffer Cache Advisory 5-7
Using the
v$db_cache_advice View 5-8
Using the Buffer Cache Advisory 5-9
Managing the Database Buffer Cache 5-10
Tuning Goals and Techniques 5-12
Diagnostic Tools 5-14
Performance Manager 5-16
Buffer Cache Performance Indicators 5-17
More Buffer Cache Performance Indicators 5-18
Measuring the Cache Hit Ratio 5-20
Guidelines for Using the Cache Hit Ratio 5-21
Buffer Cache Hit Ratio Isn’t Everything 5-22
Guidelines to Increase the Cache Size 5-23
Using Multiple Buffer Pools 5-25
Defining Multiple Buffer Pools 5-26
v
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