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STM32固件库使用手册的中文翻译版.pdf
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### STM32固件库使用手册的关键知识点 #### 一、引言 STM32固件库使用手册的中文翻译版旨在为用户提供关于32位基于ARM微控制器STM32F101xx与STM32F103xx系列产品的固件库详细指导。这些微控制器因其高性能和丰富的外设而广泛应用于各种嵌入式系统中。 #### 二、固件库概述 ##### 1. 固件库简介 - **定义**：固件库是一个包含了一系列程序、数据结构和宏的集合，用于简化STM32F101xx与STM32F103xx系列微控制器上外设的使用。 - **目的**：使用户无需深入了解底层硬件细节即可轻松操作微控制器的外设。 - **优点**：通过提供标准化的API接口，显著减少了开发时间并降低了开发成本。 ##### 2. 架构与组织 - **API标准化**：每个外设都有一个通用的API，确保了一致性和可移植性。 - **代码规范**：驱动源代码遵循“Strict ANSI-C”标准，确保了代码的高质量。 - **兼容性**：代码兼容MISRA-C2004标准，增强了安全性。 ##### 3. 错误检测与优化 - **实时错误检测**：库内置了输入参数验证机制，提高了软件的鲁棒性。 - **优化选项**：在最终产品中可以选择关闭错误检测以减小代码体积和提高执行效率。 ##### 4. 应用场景 - **通用用途**：适用于大多数不需要特别优化的应用场景。 - **高级用途**：对于需要高度定制或优化的应用，该库提供了参考实现。 #### 三、固件库的具体内容 ##### 1. 编码规则 - **变量命名**：采用直观易懂的方式命名变量，便于理解和维护。 - **布尔类型**：定义了特定的枚举类型用于表示布尔值。 - **标志位状态类型**：用于表示设备状态或配置项是否启用。 - **功能状态类型**：表示某个功能是否成功执行。 - **错误状态类型**：用于报告错误状态。 ##### 2. 文件结构 - **文件夹Examples**：包含示例项目，演示如何使用固件库。 - **文件夹Library**：存放固件库文件，如源代码和头文件等。 - **文件夹Project**：模板项目文件，帮助用户快速搭建开发环境。 ##### 3. 外设初始化与配置 - **初始化流程**：提供了初始化函数来配置外设的基本参数。 - **配置选项**：允许用户根据需要调整外设的工作模式。 ##### 4. ADC (模数转换器) - **寄存器结构**：描述了ADC寄存器的布局和作用。 - **库函数**：提供了丰富的函数集来控制ADC的各种功能。 - **初始化与配置** - `ADC_DeInit`：复位ADC到默认状态。 - `ADC_Init`：初始化ADC的配置参数。 - `ADC_StructInit`：将配置结构体恢复为默认值。 - `ADC_Cmd`：启用或禁用ADC模块。 - `ADC_DMACmd`：配置DMA传输。 - `ADC_ITConfig`：配置中断。 - `ADC_ResetCalibration`：重置校准过程。 - `ADC_GetResetCalibrationStatus`：查询校准重置状态。 - `ADC_StartCalibration`：启动校准过程。 - `ADC_GetCalibrationStatus`：查询校准状态。 - `ADC_SoftwareStartConvCmd`：配置软件启动转换。 - `ADC_GetSoftwareStartConvStatus`：查询软件启动转换状态。 - `ADC_DiscModeChannelCountConfig`：配置连续模式下的通道数量。 - `ADC_DiscModeCmd`：启用或禁用连续模式。 - `ADC_RegularChannelConfig`：配置常规转换通道。 - `ADC_ExternalTrigConvConfig`：配置外部触发。 - `ADC_GetConversionValue`：获取转换结果。 - `ADC_GetDuelModeConversionValue`：获取双ADC模式下的转换结果。 - `ADC_AutoInjectedConvCmd`：配置自动注入转换。 - `ADC_InjectedDiscModeCmd`：配置注入通道的连续模式。 - `ADC_ExternalTrigInjectConvCmd`：配置外部触发的注入转换。 #### 四、结论 STM32固件库使用手册为开发者提供了全面且详尽的信息，不仅包括了固件库的结构和使用方法，还涉及到了具体的外设控制细节。通过对这份手册的学习和理解，开发者能够更加高效地利用STM32微控制器的功能，从而加速项目的开发进度。此外，手册中提供的编码规则和API设计原则也为开发者提供了宝贵的参考，有助于提升代码的质量和可维护性。
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译文英文原版为 UM0427 Oct. 2007 Rev 2, 译文仅供参考，与英文版冲突的，以英文版为准
32 位基于 ARM 微控制器 STM32F101xx 与 STM32F103xx
固件函数库
UM0427 用户手册
介绍
本手册介绍了 32 位基于 ARM 微控制器 STM32F101xx 与 STM32F103xx 的固件函数库。
该函数库是一个固件函数包，它由程序、数据结构和宏组成，包括了微控制器所有外设的性能特征。该函
数库还包括每一个外设的驱动描述和应用实例。通过使用本固件函数库，无需深入掌握细节，用户也可以
轻松应用每一个外设。因此，使用本固态函数库可以大大减少用户的程序编写时间，进而降低开发成本。
每个外设驱动都由一组函数组成，这组函数覆盖了该外设所有功能。每个器件的开发都由一个通用 API
(application programming interface 应用编程界面)驱动，API 对该驱动程序的结构，函数和参数名称都进行
了标准化。
所有的驱动源代码都符合“Strict ANSI-C”标准（项目于范例文件符合扩充 ANSI-C 标准）。我们已经把驱动
源代码文档化，他们同时兼容 MISRA-C 2004 标准（根据需要，我们可以提供兼容矩阵）。由于整个固态
函数库按照“Strict ANSI-C”标准编写，它不受不同开发环境的影响。仅对话启动文件取决于开发环境。
该固态函数库通过校验所有库函数的输入值来实现实时错误检测。该动态校验提高了软件的鲁棒性。实时
检测适合于用户应用程序的开发和调试。但这会增加了成本，可以在最终应用程序代码中移去，以优化代
码大小和执行速度。想要了解更多细节，请参阅 Section 2.5。
因为该固件库是通用的，并且包括了所有外设的功能，所以应用程序代码的大小和执行速度可能不是最优
的。对大多数应用程序来说，用户可以直接使用之，对于那些在代码大小和执行速度方面有严格要求的应
用程序，该固件库驱动程序可以作为如何设置外设的一份参考资料，根据实际需求对其进行调整。
此份固件库用户手册的整体架构如下：
定义，文档约定和固态函数库规则。
固态函数库概述（包的内容，库的架构），安装指南，库使用实例。
固件库具体描述：设置架构和每个外设的函数。
STM32F101xx 和 STM32F103xx 在整个文档中被写作 STM32F101x。
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译文英文原版为 UM0427 Oct. 2007 Rev 2, 译文仅供参考，与英文版冲突的，以英文版为准
目录
1.1 缩写 .......................................................................................................................................................... 27
1.2 命名规则 .................................................................................................................................................. 27
1.3 编码规则 .................................................................................................................................................. 28
1.3.1 变量 ................................................................................................................................................ 28
1.3.2 布尔型 ............................................................................................................................................ 28
1.3.3 标志位状态类型 ........................................................................................................................... 29
1.3.4 功能状态类型 ............................................................................................................................... 29
1.3.5 错误状态类型 ............................................................................................................................... 29
1.3.6 外设 ............................................................................................................................................... 29
2.1 压缩包描述 .............................................................................................................................................. 32
2.1.1 文件夹Examples............................................................................................................................ 32
2.1.2 文件夹Library ............................................................................................................................... 32
2.1.3 文件夹Project................................................................................................................................ 33
2.2 固件函数库文件描述 .............................................................................................................................. 33
2.3 外设的初始化和设置 .............................................................................................................................. 34
2.4 位段（Bit-Banding）............................................................................................................................... 35
2.4.1 映射公式 ....................................................................................................................................... 35
2.4.2 应用实例 ....................................................................................................................................... 35
2.5 运行时间检测 .......................................................................................................................................... 36
4.1 ADC寄存器结构 ....................................................................................................................................... 39
4.2 ADC库函数............................................................................................................................................... 40
4.2.1 函数ADC_DeInit........................................................................................................................... 42
4.2.2 函数ADC_Init ............................................................................................................................... 42
4.2.3 函数ADC_StructInit...................................................................................................................... 44
4.2.4 函数ADC_Cmd ............................................................................................................................. 44
4.2.5 函数ADC_DMACmd.................................................................................................................... 45
4.2.6 函数ADC_ITConfig...................................................................................................................... 45
4.2.7 函数ADC_ResetCalibration.......................................................................................................... 46
4.2.8 函数ADC_GetResetCalibrationStatus........................................................................................... 46
4.2.9 函数ADC_StartCalibration ........................................................................................................... 46
4.2.10 函数ADC_GetCalibrationStatus.................................................................................................. 47
4.2.11 函数ADC_SoftwareStartConvCmd............................................................................................. 47
4.2.12 函数ADC_GetSoftwareStartConvStatus..................................................................................... 48
4.2.13 函数ADC_DiscModeChannelCountConfig ................................................................................ 48
4.2.14 函数ADC_DiscModeCmd........................................................................................................... 49
4.2.15 函数ADC_RegularChannelConfig.............................................................................................. 49
4.2.16 函数ADC_ExternalTrigConvConfig........................................................................................... 51
4.2.17 函数ADC_GetConversionValue.................................................................................................. 51
4.2.18 函数ADC_GetDuelModeConversionValue................................................................................. 52
4.2.19 函数ADC_AutoInjectedConvCmd.............................................................................................. 52
4.2.20 函数ADC_InjectedDiscModeCmd.............................................................................................. 53
4.2.21 函数ADC_ExternalTrigInjectedConvConfig .............................................................................. 53
4.2.22 函数ADC_ExternalTrigInjectedConvCmd.................................................................................. 54
4.2.23 函数ADC_SoftwareStartinjectedConvCmd................................................................................ 54
4.2.24 函数ADC_GetsoftwareStartinjectedConvStatus ......................................................................... 55
4.2.25 函数ADC_InjectedChannleConfig.............................................................................................. 55
4.2.26 函数ADC_InjectedSequencerLengthConfig ............................................................................... 56
4.2.27 函数ADC_SetinjectedOffset ....................................................................................................... 56
4.2.28 函数ADC_GetInjectedConversionValue..................................................................................... 57
4.2.29 函数ADC_AnalogWatchdogCmd ............................................................................................... 57
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译文英文原版为 UM0427 Oct. 2007 Rev 2, 译文仅供参考，与英文版冲突的，以英文版为准
4.2.30 函数ADC_AnalogWatchdongThresholdsConfig ........................................................................ 58
4.2.31 函数ADC_AnalogWatchdongSingleChannelConfig................................................................... 58
4.2.32 函数ADC_TampSensorVrefintCmd............................................................................................ 59
4.2.33 函数ADC_GetFlagStatus ............................................................................................................ 59
4.2.34 函数ADC_ClearFlag ................................................................................................................... 60
4.2.35 函数ADC_GetITStatus................................................................................................................ 60
4.2.36 函数ADC_ClearITPendingBit..................................................................................................... 61
5.1 BKP寄存器结构..................................................................................................................................... 62
5.2 BKP库函数 ............................................................................................................................................... 63
5.2.1 函数BKP_DeInit ........................................................................................................................... 64
5.2.2 函数BKP_TamperPinLevelConfig................................................................................................ 64
5.2.3 函数BKP_TamperPinCmd ............................................................................................................ 65
5.2.4 函数BKP_ITConfig....................................................................................................................... 65
5.2.5 函数BKP_RTCOutputConfig........................................................................................................ 66
5.2.6 函数BKP_SetRTCCalibrationValue.............................................................................................. 66
5.2.7 函数BKP_WriteBackupRegister ................................................................................................... 67
5.2.8 函数BKP_ReadBackupRegister.................................................................................................... 67
5.2.9 函数BKP_GetFlagStatus............................................................................................................... 68
5.2.10 函数BKP_ClearFlag.................................................................................................................... 68
5.2.11 函数BKP_GetITStatus................................................................................................................. 69
5.2.12 函数BKP_ClearITPendingBit ..................................................................................................... 69
6.1 CAN寄存器结构....................................................................................................................................... 70
6.2 CAN库函数............................................................................................................................................... 72
6.2.1 函数CAN_DeInit........................................................................................................................... 72
6.2.2 函数CAN_Init ............................................................................................................................... 73
6.2.3 函数CAN_FilterInit....................................................................................................................... 75
6.2.4 函数CAN_StructInit...................................................................................................................... 76
6.2.5 函数CAN_ITConfig...................................................................................................................... 77
6.2.6 函数CAN_Transmit....................................................................................................................... 78
6.2.7 函数CAN_TransmitStatus............................................................................................................. 79
6.2.8 函数CAN_CancelTransmit............................................................................................................ 79
6.2.9 函数CAN_FIFORelease................................................................................................................ 80
6.2.10 函数CAN_MessagePending........................................................................................................ 80
6.2.11 函数CAN_Receive...................................................................................................................... 81
6.2.12 函数CAN_Sleep.......................................................................................................................... 82
6.2.13 函数CAN_WakeUp..................................................................................................................... 82
6.2.14 函数CAN_GetFlagStatus ............................................................................................................ 83
6.2.15 函数CAN_ClearFlag ................................................................................................................... 83
6.2.16 函数CAN_GetITStatus................................................................................................................ 84
6.2.17 函数CAN_ClearITPendingBit..................................................................................................... 85
7.1 DMA寄存器结构...................................................................................................................................... 86
7.2 DMA库函数.............................................................................................................................................. 88
7.2.1 函数DMA_DeInit.......................................................................................................................... 89
7.2.2 函数DMA_Init .............................................................................................................................. 89
7.2.3 函数DMA_StructInit..................................................................................................................... 92
7.2.4 函数DMA_Cmd ............................................................................................................................ 92
7.2.5 函数DMA_ITConfig ..................................................................................................................... 93
7.2.6 函数DMA_GetCurrDataCounte.................................................................................................... 93
7.2.7 函数DMA_GetFlagStatus ............................................................................................................. 94
7.2.8 函数DMA_ClearFlag .................................................................................................................... 95
7.2.9 函数DMA_GetITStatus................................................................................................................. 95
7.2.10 函数DMA_ClearITPendingBit.................................................................................................... 96
8.1 EXTI寄存器结构 ...................................................................................................................................... 97
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译文英文原版为 UM0427 Oct. 2007 Rev 2, 译文仅供参考，与英文版冲突的，以英文版为准
8.2 EXTI库函数 .............................................................................................................................................. 98
8.2.1 函数EXTI_DeInit.......................................................................................................................... 98
8.2.2 函数EXTI_Init............................................................................................................................... 99
8.2.3 函数EXTI_StructInit................................................................................................................... 100
8.2.4 函数EXTI_GenerateSWInterrupt................................................................................................ 101
8.2.5 函数EXTI_GetFlagStatus............................................................................................................ 101
8.2.6 函数EXTI_ClearFlag .................................................................................................................. 102
8.2.7 函数EXTI_GetITStatus............................................................................................................... 102
8.2.8 函数EXTI_ClearITPendingBit.................................................................................................... 103
9.1 FLASH寄存器结构................................................................................................................................. 104
9.2 FLASH库函数......................................................................................................................................... 105
9.2.1 函数FLASH_SetLatency............................................................................................................. 106
9.2.2 函数FLASH_HalfCycleAccessCmd ........................................................................................... 107
9.2.3 函数FLASH_PrefetchBufferCmd ............................................................................................... 107
9.2.4 函数FLASH_Unlock................................................................................................................... 108
9.2.5 函数FLASH_Lock ...................................................................................................................... 108
9.2.6 函数FLASH_ErasePage.............................................................................................................. 109
9.2.7 函数FLASH_EraseAllPages ....................................................................................................... 109
9.2.8 函数FLASH_EraseOptionBytes...................................................................................................110
9.2.9 函数FLASH_ProgramWord .........................................................................................................110
9.2.10 函数FLASH_ProgramHalfWord ................................................................................................111
9.2.11 函数FLASH_ProgramOptionByteData......................................................................................111
9.2.12 函数FLASH_EnableWriteProtection .........................................................................................112
9.2.13 函数FLASH_ReadOutProtection ...............................................................................................113
9.2.14 函数FLASH_UserOptionByteConfig.........................................................................................114
9.2.15 函数FLASH_GetUserOptionByte..............................................................................................115
9.2.16 函数FLASH_GetWriteProtectionOptionByte............................................................................115
9.2.17 函数FLASH_GetReadOutProtectionStatus................................................................................116
9.2.18 函数FLASH_GetPrefetchBufferStatus.......................................................................................116
9.2.19 函数FLASH_ITConfig...............................................................................................................117
9.2.20 函数FLASH_GetFlagStatus .......................................................................................................117
9.2.21 函数FLASH_ClearFlag..............................................................................................................118
9.2.22 函数FLASH_GetStatus ..............................................................................................................119
9.2.23 函数FLASH_WaitForLastOperation..........................................................................................119
10.1 GPIO寄存器结构.................................................................................................................................. 120
10.2 GPIO库函数.......................................................................................................................................... 122
10.2.1 函数GPIO_DeInit...................................................................................................................... 123
10.2.2 函数GPIO_AFIODeInit............................................................................................................. 123
10.2.3 函数GPIO_Init .......................................................................................................................... 124
10.2.4 函数GPIO_StructInit................................................................................................................. 126
10.2.5 函数GPIO_ReadInputDataBit................................................................................................... 126
10.2.6 函数GPIO_ReadInputData........................................................................................................ 127
10.2.7 函数GPIO_ReadOutputDataBit ................................................................................................ 127
10.2.8 函数GPIO_ReadOutputData ..................................................................................................... 128
10.2.9 函数GPIO_SetBits .................................................................................................................... 128
10.2.10 函数GPIO_ResetBits............................................................................................................... 129
10.2.11 函数GPIO_WriteBit ................................................................................................................ 129
10.2.12 函数GPIO_Write ..................................................................................................................... 130
10.2.13 函数GPIO_PinLockConfig ..................................................................................................... 130
10.2.14 函数GPIO_EventOutputConfig............................................................................................... 131
10.2.15 函数GPIO_EventOutputCmd.................................................................................................. 131
10.2.16 函数GPIO_PinRemapConfig .................................................................................................. 132
10.2.17 函数GPIO_EXTILineConfig................................................................................................... 133
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译文英文原版为 UM0427 Oct. 2007 Rev 2, 译文仅供参考，与英文版冲突的，以英文版为准
11.1 I2C寄存器结构 ..................................................................................................................................... 134
11.2 I2C库函数 ............................................................................................................................................. 135
11.2.1 函数I2C_DeInit ......................................................................................................................... 136
11.2.2 函数I2C_ Init............................................................................................................................. 137
11.2.3 函数I2C_ StructInit ................................................................................................................... 138
11.2.4 函数I2C_ Cmd........................................................................................................................... 139
11.2.5 函数I2C_ DMACmd ................................................................................................................. 139
11.2.6 函数I2C_ DMALastTransferCmd ............................................................................................. 140
11.2.7 函数I2C_ GenerateSTART ........................................................................................................ 140
11.2.8 函数I2C_ GenerateSTOP .......................................................................................................... 141
11.2.9 函数I2C_ AcknowledgeConfig.................................................................................................. 141
11.2.10 函数I2C_ OwnAddress2Config............................................................................................... 142
11.2.11 函数I2C_ DualAddressCmd.................................................................................................... 142
11.2.12 函数I2C_ GeneralCallCmd...................................................................................................... 143
11.2.13 函数I2C_ ITConfig.................................................................................................................. 143
11.2.14 函数I2C_ SendData................................................................................................................. 144
11.2.15 函数I2C_ ReceiveData............................................................................................................ 144
11.2.16 函数I2C_ Send7bitAddress ..................................................................................................... 145
11.2.17 函数I2C_ ReadRegister........................................................................................................... 145
11.2.18 函数I2C_ SoftwareResetCmd.................................................................................................. 146
11.2.19 函数I2C_ SMBusAlertConfig ................................................................................................. 147
11.2.20 函数I2C_ TransmitPEC........................................................................................................... 147
11.2.21 函数I2C_ PECPositionConfig................................................................................................. 148
11.2.22 函数I2C_ CalculatePEC.......................................................................................................... 148
11.2.23 函数I2C_ GetPEC ................................................................................................................... 149
11.2.24 函数I2C_ ARPCmd ................................................................................................................. 149
11.2.25 函数I2C_ StretchClockCmd.................................................................................................... 150
11.2.26 函数I2C_ FastModeDutyCycleConfig .................................................................................... 150
11.2.27 函数I2C_ GetLastEvent........................................................................................................... 151
11.2.29 函数I2C_ GetFlagStatus.......................................................................................................... 152
11.2.30 函数I2C_ ClearFlag................................................................................................................. 153
11.2.31 函数I2C_ GetITStatus ............................................................................................................. 154
11.2.32 函数I2C_ ClearITPendingBit .................................................................................................. 155
12.1 IWDG寄存器结构 ................................................................................................................................156
12.2 IWDG库函数 ........................................................................................................................................ 157
12.2.1 函数IWDG_WriteAccessCmd................................................................................................... 157
12.2.2 函数IWDG_SetPrescaler........................................................................................................... 158
12.2.3 函数IWDG_SetReload.............................................................................................................. 158
12.2.4 函数IWDG_ReloadCounter ...................................................................................................... 159
12.2.5 函数IWDG_Enable ................................................................................................................... 159
12.2.6 函数IWDG_GetFlagStatus........................................................................................................ 159
13.1 NVIC寄存器结构.................................................................................................................................. 161
13.2 NVIC库函数 ......................................................................................................................................... 163
13.2.1 函数NVIC_DeInit ..................................................................................................................... 164
13.2.2 函数NVIC_SCBDeInit.............................................................................................................. 164
13.2.3 函数NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig.............................................................................................. 165
13.2.4 函数NVIC_Init.......................................................................................................................... 166
13.2.5 函数NVIC_StructInit................................................................................................................. 168
13.2.6 函数NVIC_SETPRIMASK....................................................................................................... 169
13.2.7 函数NVIC_RESETPRIMASK.................................................................................................. 169
13.2.8 函数NVIC_SETFAULTMASK................................................................................................. 170
13.2.9 函数NVIC_RESETFAULTMASK............................................................................................ 170
13.2.10 函数NVIC_BASEPRICONFIG .............................................................................................. 171
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