Thinking in C++, 2nd edition, Volume 1

Revision History for: Thinking in C++ 2nd edition Volume 1: Introduction to Standard C++ See the end of this file for how to download the fonts used. ______________________________________________ Full text of Volume 1 & Volume 2, updates, source code and additional information available at www.BruceEckel.com. ______________________________________________ To be informed of future releases of this document and other information about object-oriented books, documents, seminars and CDs, subscribe to my free newsletter. Just send any email to: join-eckel-oo-programming@earth.lyris.net ______________________________________________ Revision history: Sept 27, 2001: Small code corrections, in particular to allow compilation under G++ 3.0.1. January 31, 2000: Added various corrections. Corrected some exercises. Changed from static const to the "enum hack" after conversations with Stroustrup and Koenig. This means that more of the examples will compile using VC++. January 18, 2000: Added syntax highlighting in HTML version, courtesy of Zafir Anjum. Minor corrections. Added CD ROM license agreement and instructions at end of book. TIC2VoneR13: January 13, 2000. Completed the index. Incorporated final copy edits. Barring corrections that pop up, this is the final version of the book. TIC2VoneR12: January 1, 2000. With the help of James H Jarrett, reworked some of the use case material in Chapter 1. Various small corrections and mods. TIC2VoneR11: December 27, 1999. Rewrote/finished Chapter 1. This completes the book; it is ready for final technical corrections; submit to Bruce@EckelObjects.com with the subject line [cpp2e-final-correction]. If you submitted a correction before, please check to see if I have accurately integrated your correction. Thank you for all your help. Note the HTML version of the book has been greatly improved (thanks to Python) in anticipation of its distribution; please inform me if you find a flaw in the formatting. TIC2VoneR10: December 23, 1999. Rewrote/finished Appendix A, B, & C. Rewrote the preface. TIC2VoneR9: December 20, 1999. Corrected/Re-created all diagrams. Chapter 16 has been copy-edited. TIC2VoneR8: December 15, 1999. Rewrote Chapter 16 & added exercises. All chapters except chapter 1 should be in their final form, from a technical standpoint. Chapters 12, 13, 14 & 15 have been copy-edited. TIC2VoneR7: December 2, 1999. Rewrote Chapter 15 & added exercises. Chapter 11 has been copy-edited. TIC2VoneR6: November 29, 1999. Rewrote Chapter 12 & added exercises. Rewrote Chapter 13 & added exercises. Rewrote Chapter 14 & added exercises. Chapter 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 & 10 have been copy-edited. Fixed a bug in all the "stash" examples. Made the constructor calls more consistent throughout. Corrected files so that "make test" generally works (although VC++ doesn't handle the int main( ) return type as per the Standard, so it doesn't work for that). Changed all the examples from the const chapter on so that they have const member functions and take const& arguments where possible (that is, implemented const correctness). TIC2VoneR5: November 1, 1999. Applied new formatting and fonts, corrected footers, fixed 'XX' chapter references. Added new chapter title-page graphics. Chapters 2 & 3 have been copy-edited. TIC2VoneR4: September 30, 1999. Did a spell check. Changed most char* examples to strings. Changed most examples using class names "Base" and "Derived" to more easily-visualizable examples ("Pet" is used a lot) Changed require.h so that it uses string& arguments instead of char* (thus it works with both char* and string arguments). Began rewriting Chapter 12. TIC2VoneR3: September 26, 1999. Added section on "Function addresses" and deciphering complex declarations to the end of Chapter 3, also added appropriate exercises. Rewrote Chapter 11 and added exercises. TIC2VoneR2: September 24, 1999. Rewrote Chapter 10 and added exercises. TIC2VoneR1: September 20, 1999. Broke the book into two volumes; this is volume one, which will be published approximately March 1, 2000 to meet the academic adoption date. Changed to revision numbering, reset to rev 1. Finished rewriting Chapter 9 and added exercises. Rewrote the preface to reflect the two volumes and the new chapter arrangement. Fixed the namespace examples in Chapter 10 so they actually generate compilable files. Integrated explicit cast syntax and modified examples into Chapter 3. Added section on downcasting to the end of Chapter 15. TICA19: September 9, 1999. Started rewriting chapter 9. Then a reader comment about an error in a Stash or Stack example caused me to re-architect all those examples and their prose throughout the book, through Chapter 16 (Introduction to Templates). A lot of changes/new examples/re-architecting happened in Chapter 16. (The examples compile, but please test the execution of the examples and send error corrections.) Although I haven't made the final passes it is in pretty good shape. In addition, I added a new Stack example in Chapter 15 (Polymorphism), which shows the use of a container class in conjunction with a singly-rooted hierarchy (and a little multiple inheritance to boot). Rewrote some virtual destructor examples and prose in Chapter 15. Began making reference to Volume 2 of the book, as the book is going to be split into Volume 1 and Volume 2, the split occurring after chapter 16. The goal is to have Volume 1 in print by March 1 for academic adoption and Volume 2 a year after that. (Volume 2 will, of course, be available on the Internet in the meantime.) TICA18: July 29, 1999. Rewrote Chapter 8 and added exercises. Replaced all later instances of the "enum hack" with static const (which breaks VC++ a lot, since they still haven't implemented this relatively ancient and simple feature). Added compiler support for Visual C++ 6.0 (+Service Pack 3) (although this hasn't been tested with Microsoft's nmake; you may need to edit the makefiles, copy nmake.exe to make.exe, or locate a gnu make in order to get it to work). You can see the results in CompileDB.txt in Appendix D. Re-tested all code with Borland C++ Builder 4 plus the downloadable update, and with egcs from July 18, 1999. Cleaned up some code files that were not being automatically compiled because they didn't have main( )s. TICA17: June 27, 1999. Rewrote Chapter 6 and added exercises. Rewrote Chapter 7 and added exercises. TICA16: June 1, 1999. Rewrote Chapter 5 and added exercises. Modifications to Chapter 19 before and after presentations at the SD conference. Added "Factories" section to design patterns chapter. Rechecked book code under May 24 build of egcs compiler. TICA15: April 22, 1999. Rewrote Chapter 4 and added exercises. TICA14, March 28, 1999. Rewrote Chapters 2 and 3. I think they're both finished. Chapter 3 is rather big since it covers C syntax fundamentals along with some C++ basics. Added many exercises to Chapters 2 and 3 to complete them both. Chapter 3 was a "hump" chapter; I think the others in section one shouldn't be as hard. Tried to conform all code in the book to the convention of "type names start with uppercase letters, functions and variables start with lowercase letters." TICA13, March 9, 1999. Thorough rewrite of Chapter 1, including the addition of UML diagrams. I think Chapter 1is finished now. Reorganized material elsewhere in the book, but that is still in transit. My goal right now is to move through all the chapters in section one in order. TICA12, January 15, 1999. Lots of work done on the Design Patterns chapter. All the existing programs are now modified and redesigned (significantly!) to compile under C++. Added several new examples. Much of the prose in this chapter still needs work, and more patterns and examples are forthcoming. Changed ExtractCode.cpp so that it generates "bugs" targets for each makefile, containing all the files that won't compile with