卡耐基梅隆大学经典课程:系统级编程PDF资源-CSDN文库

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### 卡耐基梅隆大学经典课程：系统级编程 #### 课程概述《系统级编程》（System Level Programming, SSD6）是卡耐基梅隆大学提供的一个深入讲解计算机系统内部工作原理的经典课程。本课程旨在为学生提供处理器、网络和操作系统在用户级别上的视角，使学生能够明确了解汇编器与汇编代码、程序性能测量与优化、内存组织与层次结构、网络协议与操作以及并发等核心概念。 #### 课程目标 1. **理解程序执行的细节**：通过学习，学生将掌握程序性能、资源需求及错误行为的关键方面。 2. **原始数据表示**：学习现代处理器支持的基本数据表示形式及其操作方法。 3. **计算机内存组织与性能**：了解计算机内存的组织结构及其对性能的影响。 4. **指令集与对象程序执行**：熟悉计算机指令集及对象程序的执行过程。 5. **程序性能测量与改进**：学会如何衡量并改善程序性能。 6. **应用软件与操作系统交互**：掌握应用软件与操作系统之间的交互机制，特别是进程、线程、调度和并发控制。 7. **异步输入/输出**：理解并实现异步输入输出操作。 #### 学习成果完成本课程后，学生应具备以下能力： 1. **编写代码处理位操作**：能够编写操作二进制位的代码。 2. **内存管理器的设计与实现**：设计并实现内存管理器，识别常见的内存相关编程错误。 3. **性能瓶颈定位**：在大型程序中识别并定位性能瓶颈。 4. **内存访问模式分析**：诊断并改进由于不利的内存访问模式导致的性能问题。 5. **简单并发程序开发**：利用并发隐藏延迟，编写简单的并发程序。 6. **C语言底层操作**：使用C语言进行低级别的内存和数据操作。 7. **性能分析工具的运用**：使用性能分析工具来测量和提升程序性能。 8. **内存访问错误调试**：使用调试工具分析内存访问错误。 9. **低级周期计数器的应用**：使用低级周期计数器可视化中断和并发操作。 10. **现代处理器位级与算术运算讨论**：能够就现代处理器的位级和算术运算及其精度限制进行知识性的讨论。 11. **计算机内存层次结构基础**：理解计算机内存层次结构的基础理论。 12. **操作系统服务**：掌握操作系统提供的各种服务，包括文件系统、安全性和并发模型等。 13. **程序性能优化策略**：学会评估程序性能，并采用适当的优化策略提高效率。 14. **并发编程模式**：了解并发编程的基本模式和技巧，包括锁、信号量、条件变量等。 15. **网络协议理解**：掌握基本的网络协议，如TCP/IP模型中的协议，理解其在网络通信中的作用。 #### 教学内容概览 - **指令集与汇编语言编程概览**：介绍不同的指令集架构和汇编语言编程方法。 - **内存管理**：探讨内存管理技术，包括动态内存分配和回收机制。 - **内存层次结构**：研究缓存、主存和虚拟内存等不同层次的内存及其管理方式。 - **性能测量与调优**：教授性能分析方法和技术，帮助学生识别和解决性能瓶颈。 - **并发编程入门**：介绍并发编程的基本概念，包括线程、进程间通信和同步机制。《系统级编程》课程通过一系列理论学习与实践项目相结合的方式，旨在培养学生全面理解计算机系统工作原理的能力，为他们未来从事软件工程、系统设计等领域的工作打下坚实的基础。

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System Level Programming (SSD6)

This course provides students with a user-level view of processors, networks, and

operating systems. Students learn explicitly about assemblers and assembly code,

program performance measurement and optimization, memory orga nization and

hierarchies, network protocols and operation, and concurrency. The course also

provides students with the opportunity to work with these concepts hands-on, through

programming assignments that use the C and C++ programming languages.

Topics : Overview of instruction sets and assembly language programming; Memory

management; Memory hierarchies: Cache, memory, virtual memory; Performance

measurement and tuning; Basic concurrent programming.

The purpose of SSD6 is for students to

1. Learn the most important details of program execution to understand the

performance, resource requirements, and error behavior of their programs.

2. Learn the primitive data representations supported by modern processors, and

operations on them.

3. Learn about the organization and performance of computer memory.

4. Learn about the computer instruction sets and the execution of object

programs.

5. Learn about the measurement and improvement of program performance.

6. Learn about the interaction between application software and the operating

system, especially processes, threads, scheduling and concurrency control.

7. Learn about asynchronous input/output

Students successfully completing the course will be able to

I. Produce

1. Code that manipulates bits in words.

2. A storage allocator that identifies common memory-related programming

errors.

3. Isolation and identification of performance bottlenecks in larger programs.

4. Diagnosis and improvement of performance bugs due to unfavorable memory

access patterns.

5. Simple concurrent programs that? use concurrency to hide latency.

II. Use

1. The C programming language to perform low-level memory and data

operations.

2. Profiling tools to measure and improve program performance.

3. Debugging tools to analyze memory access bugs.

4. Low-level cycle counters to visualize interrupts and concurrent operations.

III. Knowledgeably Discuss

1.1 The Wonder of Program Execution

Programming is a difficult task requiring a strict exercise of logic and a capacity to

organize substantial amounts of information. Because these challenges require our full

attention, we seldom stop to think about all the work that goes on behind the scenes

when we execute our finished programs. In this module we will try to give you a

fe eling for how nearly miraculous it is that the programs that we design end up

commanding innumerable devices and mechanisms in complicated sequences of tiny

events. These events, which appear insignificant when considered individually,

behave according to the specification of our programs when considered together.

When writing a program, you might view yourself as the CEO of a large company

who, though unaware of the individual work of thousands of employees, directs their

efforts in one coherent strategy. This requires organization and a lot of middle

management, the nature of which we explore in this course.

 1.1.1 Execution as Physical Process

 1.1.2 Levels of Abstraction

 1.1.3 Compilers and Debuggers

 1.1.4 The Visual C++ Environment

Assessments

 Multiple-Choice Quiz (1)

Try to remember how difficult it seemed to add two long numbers when, as a child,

you were learning addition. You had to remember tables, a way of organizing the

digits, and several rules for "carrying." When each addition seemed a laborious

application of an algorithm, who could have guessed that several months or years later

you would not even pay attention to the process! You probably went through a similar

experience when you learned long division, and many of us have still not completely

mastered the algorithm for extracting square roots.

Yet when you write c = a + b in a programming language, the computer will, at some

level, carry out exactly those steps that you thought so laborious. In fact, in this

example, the computer will do something else: it will also need to figure out what you

mean by a and b, since a and b are not numbers, but symbols whose values are meant

to be substituted before the addition starts. In response to this simplest of instructions,

then, the computer has to:

1. Look in an "index" to see in which "sheet" it has jotted down the current value

of a.

2. Look in the "index" to see in which "sheet" it has jotted down the current

value of b.

3. Copy the two values to a working pad, one on top of the other.

4. Add the two numbers, digit by digit, paying attention to carries.

5. Look in the "index" to see in which "sheet" it keeps the current value of c.

6. Copy the result to the sheet where it keeps the value of c.

Yet you are able to write c = a + b without thinking about the steps above.

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