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Standard
Commands for
Programmable
Instruments
(SCPI)
Volume 1: Syntax and Style
VERSION 1999.0
May, 1999
Printed in U.S.A.
NOTICE, STATEMENT of INTENT
and
AUTHORIZATION TO COPY
© Copyright 1999 SCPI Consortium
This document defines the Standard-Commands-for-Programmable-Instruments (SCPI) Consortium’s SCPI
standard. Although the Consortium hereby expressly disclaims any and all warranties whatsoever regarding
the SCPI standard, the Consortium has published this document with the intent that the SCPI standard will be
seriously considered and adopted, in whole, by the test and measurement marketplace. Consistent with that
intent, permission is hereby granted by the Consortium to make copies of this entire document as a whole,
PROVIDED THAT this NOTICE, STATEMENT of INTENT and AUTHORIZATION TO COPY shall
prominently appear on each such whole copy. Further consistent with that intent, permission is hereby granted
by the consortium to make copies of portions of this document, absent this NOTICE, STATEMENT of
INTENT and AUTHORIZATION TO COPY, PROVIDED THAT each such portion-copies shall only be
used in a manner which is consistent with the purposes of implementing, promoting, disseminating, or
enhancing (as opposed to deviating from) the SCPI standard as herein defined, such as the inclusion of such a
portion-copy in an instrument (or instrument-related) product manual which implements SCPI (as defined
herein) or in use for design of such an instrument (or instrument related) product. However, under no
circumstances may copies of this document, or any portion of this document, be made solely for purposes of
sale of the copy or copies.
For information, contact:
Fred Bode, Executive Director
SCPI Consortium
2515 Camino del Rio South, Suite 340
San Diego, CA 92108
Phone: (619) 297-1210
Fax: (619) 297-5955
Email: fbode@vxinl.com
Web Page: http://www.scpiconsortium.org
European SCPI Consortium Contact:
John Pieper
ACEA
P.O. Box 134
7640 AC Wierden
The Netherlands
Phone: +31 546 57 79 94
Fax: +31 546 57 55 75
Email: acea@compuserve.com
Web Page: http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/acea/
1999 SCPI Syntax & Style
i
Foreword
Commercial computer-controlled test instruments introduced in the 1960s used a wide variety of
non-standard, proprietary interfaces and communication protocols. In 1975, the Institute of Electrical and
Electronic Engineers approved IEEE 488-1975. IEEE 488 defined a standard electrical and mechanical
interface for connectors and cables. It also defined handshaking, addressing, and general protocol for
transmitting individual bytes of data to and from instruments and computers. This standard has been updated
and is now IEEE 488.1-1987.
Although it solved the problem of how to send bytes of data between instruments and computers, IEEE 488
did not specify the data bytes’ meanings. Instrument manufacturers freely invented new commands as they
developed new instruments. The format of data returned from instruments varied as well. By the early 1980s,
work began on additional standards to specify how to interpret data sent via IEEE 488.
In 1987, the IEEE released IEEE 488.2-1987, Codes, Formats, Protocols and Common Commands for Use
with IEEE 488.1-1987. This standard defined the roles of instruments and controllers in a measurement
system and a structured scheme for communication. In particular, IEEE 488.2 described how to send
commands to instruments and how to send responses to controllers. It defined some frequently used
“housekeeping” commands explicitly, but each instrument manufacturer was left with the task of naming any
other types of command and defining their effect. IEEE 488.2 specified how certain types of features should
be implemented if they were included in an instrument. It generally did not specify which features or
commands should be implemented for a particular instrument. Thus, it was possible that two similar
instruments could each conform to IEEE 488.2, yet they could have an entirely different command set.
Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments (SCPI) is the new instrument command language for
controlling instruments that goes beyond IEEE 488.2 to address a wide variety of instrument functions in a
standard manner. SCPI promotes consistency, from the remote programming standpoint, between instruments
of the same class and between instruments with the same functional capability. For a given measurement
function such as frequency or voltage, SCPI defines the specific command set that is available for that
function. Thus, two oscilloscopes made by different manufacturers could be used to make frequency
measurements in the same way. It is also possible for a SCPI counter to make a frequency measurement using
the same commands as an oscilloscope.
SCPI commands are easy to learn, self-explanatory and account for both novice and expert programmer’s
usage. Once familiar with the organization and structure of SCPI, considerable efficiency gains can be
achieved during control program development, independent of the control program language selected.
1999 SCPI Syntax & Style
ii
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
1.2 Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
1.3 SCPI Goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
1.4 SCPI Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
1.5 Instrument Interchangeability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
Chapter 2 References
Chapter 3 Life Cycle
3.1 Adding a Capability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
3.2 Obsoleting a Capability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
3.3 Device Dependent Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
Chapter 4 SCPI Compliance Criteria
4.1 IEEE 488.2 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
4.1.1 IEEE Mandated Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
4.1.2 IEEE Optional Common Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
4.1.3 IEEE Common Command Implications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
4.1.3.1 Overlapped and Sequential Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
4.1.3.2 *CLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
4.1.3.3 *OPC and *WAI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
4.1.3.4 *OPC? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
4.1.3.5 *RST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
4.1.3.5.1 Interaction With the Synchronization Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
4.1.3.5.2 Implications For *SAV and *RCL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
4.1.3.5.3 *RST and *RCL as Overlapped Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
4.1.3.6 *IDN? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
4.2 SCPI Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
4.2.1 Required Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
4.2.2 Optional Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
4.2.3 Documentation Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
Chapter 5 Notation
5.1 Interpreting Command Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
5.2 Interpreting Syntax Flow Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
v
Chapter 6 Program Headers
6.1 Common Command and Query Headers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-1
6.2 Instrument-Control Headers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-1
6.2.1 Mnemonic Generation Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1
6.2.2 Building the Command Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-2
6.2.3 Queries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-6
6.2.4 Traversal of the Header Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-7
6.2.5 Multiple Capabilities and Numeric Keyword Suffixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-8
6.2.5.1 Single Instrument with Many Electrical Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-8
6.2.5.2 Multiple Identical Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-8
6.2.5.3 Logical Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-9
Chapter 7 Parameters
7.1 Character Program Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-1
7.2 Decimal Numeric Program Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-1
7.2.1 <numeric_value> Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-1
7.2.1.1 DEFault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-1
7.2.1.2 MINimum|MAXimum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-2
7.2.1.3 UP/DOWN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-2
7.2.1.3.1 STEP Subsystem Command Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-3
7.2.1.3.2 [:INCRement] <numeric_value> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-3
7.2.1.3.3 :PDECade <numeric_value> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-3
7.2.1.3.4 :MODE LINear|LOGarithmic|L125|L13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-3
7.2.1.3.5 :AUTO <Boolean>|ONCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4
7.2.1.3.6 STEP Subsystem Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-4
7.2.1.4 INFinity and Negative INFinity (NINF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-4
7.2.1.5 Not A Number (NAN) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-4
7.2.2 Unit Suffixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-5
7.3 Boolean Program Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-5
7.4 Coupling of Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-5
7.4.1 Functional Coupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-6
7.4.2 Value Coupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-6
7.4.3 Automatic Coupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-7
7.5 Units of Measure and Suffixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-7
7.5.1 Units of Amplitude and Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-7
7.5.2 Expressing Unitless Quantities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-9
Chapter 8 Expressions
8.1 Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-1
8.2 Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-1
8.3 Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-1
8.3.1 Numeric Expression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-2
8.3.1.1 Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-2
1999 SCPI Syntax & Style
vi
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