petstoreejb
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【ejb】全称为Enterprise JavaBeans,是Java平台企业版(Java EE)的一部分,用于构建分布式、组件化的企业级应用程序。EJB规范定义了服务器端的组件模型,它提供了诸如事务管理、安全性、状态管理和并发控制等服务。在Java EE框架中,EJB扮演着业务逻辑处理者的角色,允许开发者将应用程序的复杂性与底层基础设施分离。 【PetStore应用】是一个经典的示例项目,常常被用作教学和展示Java EE技术,包括EJB的用法。这个项目模拟了一个宠物商店的在线购物系统,其中包含了用户管理、宠物类别、库存管理等多个功能模块。通过PetStore EJB,我们可以学习如何设计和实现基于EJB的业务组件,以及它们如何与其他Java EE组件(如Servlet、JSP、JPA等)协同工作。 在PetStore应用中,EJB通常分为以下几类: 1. **会话bean(Session Beans)**:代表一个用户会话或特定业务逻辑。例如,`UserSessionBean`可能负责处理用户的登录、注册和账户管理。会话bean可以是无状态的(Stateless Session Bean),对每个请求都创建新的实例,也可以是有状态的(Stateful Session Bean),维护与特定客户端的会话状态。 2. **实体bean(Entity Beans)**:映射数据库中的表或对象,是持久化的。在PetStore中,`PetEntityBean`可能用来表示数据库中的宠物记录,提供CRUD(创建、读取、更新、删除)操作。 3. **消息驱动bean(Message-Driven Beans,MDB)**:用于处理JMS(Java Message Service)消息。例如,`OrderMDB`可能监听订单消息,处理新订单的创建。 4. **业务接口(Business Interface)**:定义了EJB对外提供的方法,供其他组件调用。例如,`IPetStore`接口定义了添加宠物、查找宠物等业务操作。 5. **部署描述符(Deployment Descriptor)**:在ejb-jar.xml文件中,配置EJB的元数据,如bean的名称、接口、事务属性等。 6. **容器管理的服务(Container-Managed Services)**:EJB容器提供了诸如事务管理、安全性和资源注入等服务。例如,EJB可以声明依赖于JNDI(Java Naming and Directory Interface)资源,如数据源,容器会自动管理这些资源的生命周期。 通过研究PetStore EJB,开发者可以深入理解EJB的生命周期、事务管理、并发控制以及如何使用注解(如`@EJB`、`@Stateless`等)来简化开发过程。同时,这个例子也展示了Java EE的模块化和松耦合特性,有助于构建可扩展、可维护的企业级系统。
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