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### MULTI MOBILE AGENT SYSTEM: 安全通信方法——Split and Merge #### 摘要与背景在《MULTI MOBILE AGENT SYSTEM 论文》中，作者João Paulo Pimentão、Pedro A.C. Sousa、Pedro Amaral 和 Adolfo Steiger-Garção提出了一种新的安全通信方法——Split and Merge（分割与合并）。该方法旨在通过多智能体系统提供一种基于互联网的安全通信机制，其核心在于通过分割消息并将其通过不同的路径发送，从而实现对消息本身的访问控制。传统的安全通信主要依赖于加密技术，即在消息源处对数据进行加密，然后通过通信信道传输。而Split and Merge方法则采取了另一种策略：它不是仅仅依靠加密，而是将消息分割成多个部分，并通过一个临时的多智能体网络分别传输这些部分。这种方法使得攻击者难以获取完整的消息内容，从而增强了通信安全性。 #### 方法概述 **Split and Merge 方法**主要包括以下几个步骤： 1. **消息分割**：原始消息被分割成多个独立的部分。每个部分都可以被视为一个单独的消息片段。 2. **路由选择**：每个消息片段将通过不同的路由进行传输。这些路由是由智能体动态确定的，可以是任意路径，从而增加了攻击者同时捕获所有消息片段的难度。 3. **目的地重组**：接收方收到所有消息片段后，按照预定的顺序重组原始消息。这种方法不仅能够保护消息内容不被未授权访问，还能对抗多种类型的攻击，如中间人攻击等。 #### 错误检测与纠正为了确保消息的完整性和准确性，Split and Merge 方法还考虑到了错误检测与纠正机制。这些机制包括但不限于： 1. **消息片段丢失**：通过冗余发送和确认机制来处理可能发生的片段丢失问题。如果某个片段未能到达目的地，可以通过备份副本进行恢复。 2. **消息完整性验证**：利用哈希函数或数字签名等手段确保消息在传输过程中未被篡改。 3. **节点行为异常**：监测网络中的各个节点行为，识别潜在的恶意活动或故障节点，并采取相应的隔离措施。 #### 当前实现当前实现中使用了多智能体系统作为基础架构来支持Split and Merge 方法的运行。这涉及到设计智能体之间的交互协议以及消息管理机制。通过这种方式，不仅实现了安全通信的目标，还提高了系统的灵活性和扩展性。 #### 进一步研究方向针对Split and Merge 方法的研究还可以从以下几个方面进行拓展： 1. **性能优化**：进一步优化消息分割算法和路由选择策略，提高消息传输效率。 2. **适应性增强**：开发更强大的自适应机制，使系统能够更好地应对网络变化和攻击。 3. **安全性提升**：探索结合传统加密技术和分割与合并方法的新方案，提供更高层次的安全保障。 4. **应用领域扩展**：研究如何将Split and Merge 方法应用于特定领域，如军事通信、金融交易等场景下的信息安全保障。《MULTI MOBILE AGENT SYSTEM 论文》介绍了一种创新的安全通信方法——Split and Merge，该方法通过多智能体系统实现了对消息内容的有效保护。通过对现有实现的讨论以及未来研究方向的展望，可以看出这种方法具有广阔的应用前景和研究价值。

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A Multi-Agent System’s Approach to Communication Security in the Web

João Paulo Pimentão, Pedro A. C. Sousa, Pedro Amaral, Adolfo Steiger-Garção

Universidade Nova de Lisboa Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia and UNINOVA - Instituto de

Desenvolvimento de Novas Tecnologias, Caparica, Portugal

{pim, pas, pma, asg}@uninova.pt

Abstract

This paper presents the Split and Merge method, an

approach to provide secure communication over the

Internet using software agents. Instead of relying

exclusively on the traditional approaches of ciphering the

message at the source and then sending it over a

communication channel, the Split and Merge method

focuses on denying access to the message itself. This is

achieved by splitting the message in parts and sending

them to the destination through different routes, in an ad-

hoc network of agents.

The method is detailed in the paper and the current

implementation using multi agent systems is presented.

The solutions found to deal with error detection and

correction (loss of message fragments, message integrity

and node misbehavior) are then discussed and further

research directions are presented.

1. Introduction

The focus of this paper is on providing communication

security using agent-based systems; in particular it

presents a new way to preserve the secrecy of the content

of the messages being transmitted between two parties.

Traditionally, this kind of security relies strongly on

cryptography.

Most of the usual approaches to cryptography are

based on two principles: the secrecy of the

ciphering/deciphering key and the robustness of the

ciphering functions.

Regarding key secrecy, methods have been designed

ranging from the Diffie Hellman key agreement protocol

[1] to the public key cryptography of Rivest, Shamir and

Adleman [2].

For the second principle, the focus has been put in the

infeasibility of determining, in a reasonable time, the

solutions for some mathematical functions without the

possession of the key (such as the case of the RSA

ciphering method). Alas, the development of

computational power as shown that what is “impossible”

today may become common practice tomorrow. The

increase of CPU speed is directly related to the increase of

component density that has been following “Moore's

Law” (stating that component density in integrated circuits

would double each year), and which most experts believe

will hold up to 2020 [3,4] although, in recent years, a

slight decline has been noticed on the increase of the

density of the circuits, mainly due to physical limitations.

It is obvious that the increase of computational power

will also give rise to new cipher algorithms and methods

that will try to maintain the competitive advantage over

the potential threats.

Instead of solely relying on the lack of computational

power for protecting the message communication, the

proposed method (Split and Merge) further enhances the

protection by providing inability to get hold of the

message.

Other efforts have been made in approaches that may

seem related to this, but they have different principles and

objectives.

Some of such works include the long known principle

of steganography, whose purpose is to hide the existence

of communication [5, 6].

Other works try to hide the source of the

communication in the World Wide Web, such as the work

by Reiter and Rubin in Crowds [7] or the one by

Goldschlag, Reed and Syverson in the Onion Routing

Protocol [8].

2. The principle behind Split and Merge

In the Split and Merge method, the security of the

message does not rely solely on the ability to decipher the

message, but also on the ability to get the message itself. It

does not deal with ciphering the contents of the message,

but in splitting the message into fragments (as many and

as small as whished) so that the possession of a fragment

does not provide information about the contents of the

message.

The next key concept is that the routing towards the

destination node, of each fragment of the message, is done

through different paths. This is done randomly, so that the

paths (the list of nodes between the source and the

destination) followed by each fragment are different. Its

purpose is to decrease the possibility, which an attacker

Proceedings of the IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence (WI’04)

0-7695-2100-2/04 $ 20.00 IEEE

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