非谓语动词是英语语法中的一个重要概念,它包括动名词、不定式和分词(现在分词和过去分词)等形式。在句子中,非谓语动词并不充当主要的谓语成分,而是作为主句的一部分,如主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语等。以下是对非谓语动词在翻译练习中应用的详细解释和示例:
1. 动名词(-ing形式):动名词通常表示动作正在进行或具有普遍性。例如:
- "Success means working very hard." (成功意味着非常努力地工作)
- "I heard him talking to his mother." (我听见他在和他妈妈说话)
- "He was happy seeing his parents in good health." (看到父母健康,他很高兴)
2. 不定式(to do形式):不定式通常表示目的、结果或未完成的动作。例如:
- "John meant to drive there, but his car broke down." (约翰打算开车去那儿,但他的车坏了)
- "He jumped into the pool to save the child, only to break his leg." (他跳进泳池救孩子,结果却摔断了腿)
3. 过去分词:过去分词常用来表示被动或完成的动作。例如:
- "Followed by its footprints, the zoologists spotted the hungry panda." (跟随它的足迹,动物学家发现了那只饥饿的熊猫)
4. 独立主格结构:由逻辑主语+非谓语动词构成,可以表示伴随、原因、条件等。例如:
- "With his hands clasped behind his back, Father paced around the room for ten minutes." (双手在身后紧握,父亲在房间里来回踱了十分钟)
- "Lost in the big and crowded supermarket, poor Jack suddenly burst into tears." (因为在又大又拥挤的超市里迷了路,可怜的Jack突然大哭起来)
在翻译中文句子成英文时,非谓语动词可以帮助我们构建更自然、流畅的表达。以下是一些例子:
- "Being short of money/Not having enough money, I can't buy the house." (由于缺钱/没有足够的钱,我买不起这房子)
- "Being stronger than you, I can run faster." (我比你强壮,我能跑得比你快)
- "Finding no one in the house, he left a note." (发现屋里没人,他便留了一张纸条)
非谓语动词的运用丰富了句子的表达,使得语言更加精准和生动。通过上述练习,我们可以更好地理解和掌握非谓语动词的使用,提高英语翻译水平。