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©
2001 Progress Software Corporation. All rights reserved.
Progress
®
software products are copyrighted and all rights are reserved by Progress Software Corporation.
This manual is also copyrighted and all rights are reserved. This manual may not, in whole or in part, be
copied, photocopied, translated, or reduced to any electronic medium or machine-readable form without
prior consent, in writing, from Progress Software Corporation.
The information in this manual is subject to change without notice, and Progress Software Corporation
assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document.
The references in this manual to specific platforms supported are subject to change.
Progress, Progress Results, Provision and WebSpeed are registered trademarks of Progress Software
Corporation in the United States and other countries. Apptivity, AppServer, ProVision Plus, SmartObjects,
IntelliStream, and other Progress product names are trademarks of Progress Software Corporation.
SonicMQ is a trademark of Sonic Software Corporation in the United States and other countries.
Progress Software Corporation acknowledges the use of Raster Imaging Technology copyrighted by
Snowbound Software 1993-1997 and the IBM XML Parser for Java Edition.
©
IBM Corporation 1998-1999. All rights reserved. U.S. Government Users Restricted Rights — Use,
duplication or disclosure restricted by GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp.
Progress is a registered trademark of Progress Software Corporation and is used by IBM Corporation in the
mark Progress/400 under license. Progress/400 AND 400
®
are trademarks of IBM Corporation and are used
by Progress Software Corporation under license.
Java and all Java-based marks are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the
United States and other countries.
Any other trademarks and/or service marks contained herein are the property of their respective owners.
.
Product Code: 4502
Item Number: 81071;9.1C
May 2001
Contents
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
Audience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
Organization of This Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiv
How to Use This Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv
Typographical Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvi
Syntax Notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii
Progress Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxi
Other Useful Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxiii
Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxiii
Development Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxiv
Reporting Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxv
4GL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxvi
Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxvi
DataServers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxvii
SQL-89/Open Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxvii
SQL-92 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxviii
Deployment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxviii
WebSpeed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxix
Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxix
1. Distributed Application Computing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–1
1.1 What Is Distributed Application Computing? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–2
1.1.1 Application Partitioning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–2
1.1.2 The N-tier Model. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–2
1.2 Comparing Computing Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–3
1.2.1 The Two-tier Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–3
1.2.2 Progress Distributed Application Computing Models . . . . . . . . 1–4
Contents
iv
2. Overview of the Progress AppServer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–1
2.1 Overview of the Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–2
2.1.1 Application Partitioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–2
2.1.2 Reasons to Partition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–2
2.1.3 AppServer Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–4
2.1.4 How Does a Remote Procedure Execute? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–4
2.1.5 The Concept of Separate Sessions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–5
2.1.6 The Connection-based Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–8
2.1.7 Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–10
2.2 Run-time Components and Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–16
2.2.1 Distribution of Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–19
2.2.2 Fault-tolerant NameServers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–19
2.2.3 Fault-tolerant AppServers and Load Balancing . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–20
2.2.4 Operating Modes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–21
2.2.5 AppServer Startup and Shutdown. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–22
2.3 Connection Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–23
2.3.1 Application Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–23
2.3.2 Connection Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–24
2.4 Understanding AppServer Operating Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–27
2.4.1 State-reset Operating Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–27
2.4.2 State-aware Operating Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–28
2.4.3 Stateless Operating Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–30
2.5 Understanding Synchronous and Asynchronous Requests . . . . . . . . . . 2–32
2.5.1 Process Control Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–33
2.5.2 Specifying the Type of Remote Request. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–34
2.5.3 Handling Asynchronous Request Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–34
2.5.4 Asynchronous Request Queuing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–34
3. Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–1
3.1 AppServer Administration Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–2
3.1.1 AppServer Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–4
3.1.2 Progress Explorer and Management Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–4
3.1.3 NameServers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–6
3.1.4 Application Broker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–6
3.1.5 Application Server Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–7
3.1.6 AppServer and NameServer Properties File (ubroker.properties) 3–7
3.1.7 Text Editor and Configuration Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–7
3.1.8 Preparing for AppServer Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–8
Contents
v
3.2 Configuring AppServer Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–8
3.2.1 Using the Progress Explorer to Configure an AppServer Instance 3–9
3.2.2 Configuring an AppServer Using the Progress Explorer . . . . . 3–10
3.2.3 Configuring an AppServer Using the Properties File . . . . . . . . 3–13
3.3 Setting Up the Environment for AppServer Execution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–17
3.3.1 Environment Variable Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–17
3.3.2 AppServer and NameServer Log Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–18
3.3.3 Progress Remote SmartDataObject Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–18
3.3.4 Customizing the Application Server Process Executable . . . . 3–18
3.4 Starting and Managing an AppServer Instance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–19
3.4.1 Requirements for Starting an AppServer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–20
3.4.2 Starting and Managing an AppServer with the
Progress Explorer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–20
3.4.3 Starting and Managing an AppServer with the
Management Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–22
3.4.4 Checking AppServer Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–26
3.5 Specifying the Server Pool Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–26
3.5.1 Tuning for Operating Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–27
3.5.2 Managing Application Server Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–27
3.6 Managing Code Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–28
3.6.1 Code-page Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–28
3.6.2 Run-time Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–29
3.7 Summary of Management Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–30
4. Programming the AppServer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–1
4.1 4GL for Programming AppServer Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–2
4.2 Accessing the Connection ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–4
4.3 Using AppServer Configuration Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–5
4.3.1 Startup and Shutdown Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–5
4.3.2 Connect and Disconnect Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–7
4.3.3 Activate and Deactivate Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–9
4.4 Controlling AppServer Entry Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–11
4.4.1 Export List Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–12
4.4.2 Setting and Resetting the Export List. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–12
4.4.3 Calling the EXPORT( ) Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–12
4.4.4 Resolving Remote Procedure Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–14
4.5 Managing Stateless Connection Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–15
4.5.1 Using the SERVER-CONNECTION-CONTEXT Attribute . . . . 4–15
4.5.2 Using the SERVER-CONNECTION-ID Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . 4–16
4.5.3 Using the SERVER-CONNECTION-BOUND-REQUEST
Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–16
4.5.4 Using the SERVER-CONNECTION-BOUND Attribute . . . . . . 4–18
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