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JavaScript - JavaScript Tutorial
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JS Basic JS HOME JS Introduction JS How To JS Where To JS Statements JS Comments JS Variables JS Operators JS Comparisons JS If...Else JS Switch JS Popup Boxes JS Functions JS For Loop JS While Loop JS Break Loops JS For...In JS Events JS Try...Catch JS Throw JS Special Text JS Guidelines
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JS Basic
JS HOME
JS Introduction
JS How To
JS Where To
JS Statements
JS Comments
JS Variables
JS Operators
JS Comparisons
JS If...Else
JS Switch
JS Popup Boxes
JS Functions
JS For Loop
JS While Loop
JS Break Loops
JS For...In
JS Events
JS Try...Catch
JS Throw
JS Special Text
JS Guidelines
JS Objects
JS Objects Intro
JS String
JS Date
JS Array
JS Boolean
JS Math
JS RegExp
JS Advanced
JS Browser
JS Cookies
JS Validation
JS Animation
JS Image Maps
JS Timing
JS Create Object
JS Summary
JS Examples
JS Examples
JS Objects Examples
JS Browser Examples
JS HTML DOM Examples
JS Quiz
JS Exam
JS References
JavaScript Objects
HTML DOM Objects
JavaScript Tutorial
« W3Schools Home Next Chapter »
JavaScript is THE scripting language of the Web.
JavaScript is used in millions of Web pages to add
functionality, validate forms, detect browsers, and much more.
Start learning JavaScript now!
Examples in Each Chapter
This JavaScript tutorial contains more than 200 examples!
With our online editor, you can edit the JavaScript code, and click on a button to view the result.
Example
<html>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
document.write("This is my first JavaScript!");
</script>
</body>
</html>
Try it yourself »
Click on the "Try it Yourself" button to see how it works.
JavaScript Examples
Learn by 200 examples!
With our editor, you can edit the
source code, and click on a test button to view the result.
JavaScript Examples
•
JavaScript Objects Examples
•
JavaScript Browser Objects Examples
•
JavaScript HTML DOM Examples
•
JavaScript Quiz Test
Test your JavaScript skills at W3Schools!
Start JavaScript Quiz!
JavaScript References
At W3Schools you will find a complete reference of all JavaScript objects, Browser objects, and the
HTML DOM ob
j
ects. Contains lot of examples!
JavaScript Built-in objects
•
Browser objects
•
HTML DOM objects
•
JavaScript Exam - Get Your Diploma!
W3Schools' Online Certification Program
The perfect solution for professionals who need to balance
work, family, and career building.
More than 5000 certificates already issued!
The HTML Certificate documents your knowledge of HTML, XHTML, and CSS.
The JavaScript Certificate documents your knowledge of JavaScript and HTML DOM.
The XML Certificate documents your knowled
g
e of XML, XML DOM and XSLT.
The ASP Certificate documents your knowledge of ASP, SQL, and ADO.
The PHP Certificate documents your knowled
g
e of PHP and SQL (MySQL).
« W3Schools Home Next Chapter »
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JS Basic
JS HOME
JS Introduction
JS How To
JS Where To
JS Statements
JS Comments
JS Variables
JS Operators
JS Comparisons
JS If...Else
JS Switch
JS Popup Boxes
JS Functions
JS For Loop
JS While Loop
JS Break Loops
JS For...In
JS Events
JS Try...Catch
JS Throw
JS Special Text
JS Guidelines
JS Objects
JS Objects Intro
JS String
JS Date
JS Array
JS Boolean
JS Math
JS RegExp
JS Advanced
JS Browser
JS Cookies
JS Validation
JS Animation
JS Image Maps
JS Timing
JS Create Object
JS Summary
JS Examples
JS Examples
JS Objects Examples
JS Browser Examples
JS HTML DOM Examples
JS Quiz
JS Exam
JS References
JavaScript Objects
HTML DOM Objects
JavaScript Introduction
« Previous Next Chapter »
JavaScript is the most popular scripting language on the internet, and works in all
major browsers, such as Internet Explorer, Firefox, Chrome, Opera, and Safari.
What You Should Already Know
Before you continue you should have a basic understanding of the following:
HTML / XHTML•
If you want to study these subjects first, find the tutorials on our Home page.
What is JavaScript?
JavaScript was designed to add interactivity to HTML pages•
JavaScript is a scripting language•
A scripting language is a lightweight programming language•
JavaScript is usually embedded directly into HTML pages•
JavaScript is an interpreted language (means that scripts execute without preliminary
compilation)
•
Everyone can use JavaScript without purchasing a license•
Are Java and JavaScript the same?
NO!
Java and JavaScript are two completely different languages in both concept and design!
Java (developed by Sun Microsystems) is a powerful and much more complex programming
language - in the same category as C and C++.
What can a JavaScript do?
JavaScript gives HTML designers a programming tool - HTML authors are normally not
programmers, but JavaScript is a scripting language with a very simple syntax! Almost
anyone can put small "snippets" of code into their HTML pages
•
JavaScript can put dynamic text into an HTML page - A JavaScript statement like this:
document.write("<h1>" + name + "</h1>") can write a variable text into an HTML page
•
JavaScript can react to events - A JavaScript can be set to execute when something
happens, like when a page has finished loading or when a user clicks on an HTML element
•
JavaScript can read and write HTML elements - A JavaScript can read and change the
content of an HTML element
•
JavaScript can be used to validate data - A JavaScript can be used to validate form data
before it is submitted to a server. This saves the server from extra processing
•
JavaScript can be used to detect the visitor's browser - A JavaScript can be used to
detect the visitor's browser, and - depending on the browser - load another page specifically
designed for that browser
•
JavaScript can be used to create cookies - A JavaScript can be used to store and
retrieve information on the visitor's computer
•
The Real Name is ECMAScript
JavaScript's official name is ECMAScript.
ECMAScript is developed and maintained by the ECMA organization.
ECMA-262 is the official JavaScript standard.
The language was invented by Brendan Eich at Netscape (with Navigator 2.0), and has appeared in
all Netscape and Microsoft browsers since 1996.
The development of ECMA-262 started in 1996, and the first edition of was adopted by the ECMA
General Assembly in June 1997.
The standard was approved as an international ISO (ISO/IEC 16262) standard in 1998.
The development of the standard is still in progress.
« Previous Next Chapter »
![](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download_crawler_static/89510184/bg3.jpg)
JS Basic
JS HOME
JS Introduction
JS How To
JS Where To
JS Statements
JS Comments
JS Variables
JS Operators
JS Comparisons
JS If...Else
JS Switch
JS Popup Boxes
JS Functions
JS For Loop
JS While Loop
JS Break Loops
JS For...In
JS Events
JS Try...Catch
JS Throw
JS Special Text
JS Guidelines
JS Objects
JS Objects Intro
JS String
JS Date
JS Array
JS Boolean
JS Math
JS RegExp
JS Advanced
JS Browser
JS Cookies
JS Validation
JS Animation
JS Image Maps
JS Timing
JS Create Object
JS Summary
JS Examples
JS Examples
JS Objects Examples
JS Browser Examples
JS HTML DOM Examples
JS Quiz
JS Exam
JS References
JavaScript Objects
HTML DOM Objects
JavaScript How To
« Previous Next Chapter »
The HTML <script> tag is used to insert a JavaScript into an HTML page.
Put a JavaScript into an HTML page
The example below shows how to use JavaScript to write text on a web page:
Example
<html>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
document.write("Hello World!");
</script>
</body>
</html>
Try it yourself »
The example below shows how to add HTML tags to the JavaScript:
Example
<html>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
document.write("<h1>Hello World!</h1>");
</script>
</body>
</html>
Try it yourself »
Example Explained
To insert a JavaScript into an HTML page, we use the <script> tag. Inside the <script> tag we use
the type attribute to define the scriptin
g
lan
g
ua
g
e.
So, the <script type="text/javascript"> and </script> tells where the JavaScript starts and ends:
<html>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
...
</script>
</body>
</html>
The document.write command is a standard JavaScript command for writing output to a page.
By entering the document.write command between the <script> and </script> tags, the browser
will recognize it as a JavaScript command and execute the code line. In this case the browser will
write Hello World! to the pa
g
e:
<html>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
document.write("Hello World!");
</script>
</body>
</html>
Note: If we had not entered the <script> tag, the browser would have treated the document.write
("Hello World!") command as pure text, and
j
ust write the entire
line on the pa
g
e.
T
ry it
yourself
How to Handle Simple Browsers
Browsers that do not support JavaScript, will display JavaScript as page content.
To prevent them from doing this, and as a part of the JavaScript standard, the HTML comment tag
should be used to "hide" the JavaScript.
Just add an HTML comment tag <!-- before the first JavaScript statement, and a --> (end of
comment) after the last JavaScript statement, like this:
<html>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--
document.write("Hello World!");
//-->
</script>
![](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download_crawler_static/89510184/bg4.jpg)
</body>
</html>
The two forward slashes at the end of comment line (//) is the JavaScript comment symbol. This
prevents JavaScript from executing the --> tag.
« Previous Next Chapter »
![](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download_crawler_static/89510184/bg5.jpg)
JS Basic
JS HOME
JS Introduction
JS How To
JS Where To
JS Statements
JS Comments
JS Variables
JS Operators
JS Comparisons
JS If...Else
JS Switch
JS Popup Boxes
JS Functions
JS For Loop
JS While Loop
JS Break Loops
JS For...In
JS Events
JS Try...Catch
JS Throw
JS Special Text
JS Guidelines
JS Objects
JS Objects Intro
JS String
JS Date
JS Array
JS Boolean
JS Math
JS RegExp
JS Advanced
JS Browser
JS Cookies
JS Validation
JS Animation
JS Image Maps
JS Timing
JS Create Object
JS Summary
JS Examples
JS Examples
JS Objects Examples
JS Browser Examples
JS HTML DOM Examples
JS Quiz
JS Exam
JS References
JavaScript Objects
HTML DOM Objects
JavaScript Where To
« Previous Next Chapter »
JavaScripts can be put in the body and in the head sections of an HTML page.
Where to Put the JavaScript
JavaScripts in a page will be executed immediately while the page loads into the browser. This is
not always what we want. Sometimes we want to execute a script when a page loads, or at a later
event, such as when a user clicks a button. When this is the case we put the script inside a function,
you will learn about functions in a later chapter.
Scripts in <head>
Scripts to be executed when they are called, or when an event is triggered, are placed in functions.
Put your functions in the head section, this way they are all in one place, and they do not interfere
with page content.
Example
<html>
<head>
<script type="text/javascript">
function message()
{
alert("This alert box was called with the onload event");
}
</script>
</head>
<body onload="message()">
</body>
</html>
Try it yourself »
Scripts in <body>
If you don't want your script to be placed inside a function, or if your script should write page
content, it should be placed in the body section.
Example
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
document.write("This message is written by JavaScript");
</script>
</body>
</html>
Try it yourself »
Scripts in <head> and <body>
You can place an unlimited number of scripts in your document, so you can have scripts in both the
body and the head section.
Example
<html>
<head>
<script type="text/javascript">
function message()
{
alert("This alert box was called with the onload event");
}
</script>
</head>
<body onload="message()">
<script type="text/javascript">
document.write("This message is written by JavaScript");
</script>
</body>
</html>
Try it yourself »
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