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Table of Contents About the Tutorial Audience Prerequisites Execute Java Online Table of Contents JAVA – BASICS 1. Java – Overview History of Java Tools You Will Need Try It Option What is Next? 2. Java - Environment Setup Try it Option Online Local Environment Setup Popular Java Editors What is Next? ### Java教程概览 #### 关于本教程 Java是一种高级编程语言，最初由Sun Microsystems开发并在1995年发布。Java的一个显著特点是其跨平台性，能够在多种操作系统上运行，包括Windows、Mac OS以及各种UNIX版本。本教程旨在帮助初学者到高级用户全面掌握Java编程语言。 #### 教程受众本教程主要面向Java编程的初学者，旨在帮助他们理解从基本概念到高级技术的相关知识。无论您是完全没有编程经验的新手，还是有一定基础但希望深入学习Java的开发者，本教程都将提供有益的信息和指导。 #### 先决条件在开始学习本教程之前，建议读者具备以下基础知识： - 对计算机程序有基本的理解。 - 了解计算机编程语言的基本概念。 #### 在线执行Java代码本教程中的大多数示例都提供了“Try it”选项，允许读者在线执行Java程序。这个功能可以让您即时看到代码运行的结果，并且无需安装任何软件即可进行练习。例如，您可以尝试下面的简单Java程序： ```java public class MyFirstJavaProgram { public static void main(String []args) { System.out.println("Hello World"); } } ``` #### Java基础知识章节概览本教程分为两个主要部分：Java基础和环境设置。 ##### Java概述 - **历史**: 探讨Java的发展历程，包括其起源、重要里程碑及其对现代软件开发的影响。 - **所需工具**: 列出学习Java所需的软件和工具，包括JDK（Java Development Kit）等。 - **在线试用**: 提供在线环境让读者可以直接编写并运行Java代码。 - **下一步**: 指引读者如何继续学习，包括后续章节的内容预览。 ##### Java环境设置 - **在线试用**: 同样提供在线环境来测试代码。 - **本地环境搭建**: 详细介绍如何在本地计算机上搭建Java开发环境。 - **流行编辑器**: 介绍常用的Java集成开发环境（IDE），如Eclipse、IntelliJ IDEA等。 - **下一步**: 指导读者如何继续深入学习Java编程。通过这些章节的学习，读者将能够建立起坚实的Java基础知识，并为后续更深入的学习打下坚实的基础。 ### Java基础知识详解 #### Java概述 - **历史**: Java最初是由James Gosling领导的团队在Sun Microsystems内部开发的。它最初被命名为Oak，后来改名为Java。自1995年首次发布以来，Java已经成为世界上最受欢迎的编程语言之一。随着Java SE、Java EE和Java ME等不同版本的推出，Java的应用范围不断扩大，从桌面应用到移动应用，再到企业级服务器应用，几乎无所不在。 - **所需工具**: - **JDK**: Java Development Kit，包含编译器、运行时环境和其他工具。 - **文本编辑器或IDE**: 如Notepad++、Sublime Text、Eclipse或IntelliJ IDEA等。 - **在线试用**: 使用在线Java编译器可以方便地测试代码片段，无需在本地计算机上安装任何软件。 - **下一步**: 学习变量、数据类型、控制结构等Java基础知识。 #### Java环境设置 - **在线试用**: 可以直接使用在线环境进行编程练习，适合快速测试简单的代码示例。 - **本地环境搭建**: - **下载JDK**: 访问Oracle官网下载对应操作系统的JDK。 - **配置环境变量**: 将JDK的bin目录添加到系统路径中。 - **验证安装**: 通过命令行输入`java -version`检查是否正确安装。 - **流行编辑器**: - **Eclipse**: 一个广泛使用的开源IDE，特别适合Java开发。 - **IntelliJ IDEA**: 由JetBrains开发的一款强大的IDE，支持多种编程语言，包括Java。 - **下一步**: 学习类与对象、异常处理、多线程等Java核心概念。通过以上章节的学习，读者不仅能够掌握Java的基础知识，还能了解到如何在实际开发中运用这些知识。这为后续更高级主题的学习奠定了良好的基础。

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Java

Table of Contents

About the Tutorial ............................................................................................................................................ i

Audience ........................................................................................................................................................... i

Prerequisites ..................................................................................................................................................... i

Execute Java Online .......................................................................................................................................... i

Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................................ ii

JAVA – BASICS ............................................................................................................................. 1

1. Java – Overview ........................................................................................................................................ 2

History of Java ................................................................................................................................................. 3

Tools You Will Need ......................................................................................................................................... 3

Try It Option .................................................................................................................................................... 4

What is Next? .................................................................................................................................................. 4

2. Java - Environment Setup ......................................................................................................................... 5

Try it Option Online ......................................................................................................................................... 5

Local Environment Setup ................................................................................................................................. 5

Popular Java Editors ........................................................................................................................................ 6

What is Next? .................................................................................................................................................. 6

3. Java – Basic Syntax .................................................................................................................................... 7

First Java Program ........................................................................................................................................... 7

Basic Syntax ..................................................................................................................................................... 8

Java Identifiers ................................................................................................................................................. 9

Java Modifiers.................................................................................................................................................. 9

Java Variables .................................................................................................................................................. 9

Java Arrays ....................................................................................................................................................... 9

Java Enums .................................................................................................................................................... 10

Java Keywords ............................................................................................................................................... 10

Comments in Java .......................................................................................................................................... 11

Using Blank Lines ........................................................................................................................................... 12

Inheritance .................................................................................................................................................... 12

Interfaces ....................................................................................................................................................... 12

What is Next? ................................................................................................................................................ 12

4. Java – Objects & Classes.......................................................................................................................... 13

Objects in Java ............................................................................................................................................... 13

Classes in Java ................................................................................................................................................ 14

Constructors .................................................................................................................................................. 14

How to Use Singleton Class? ......................................................................................................................... 15

Creating an Object ......................................................................................................................................... 17

Accessing Instance Variables and Methods ................................................................................................... 18

Source File Declaration Rules ........................................................................................................................ 20

Java Package .................................................................................................................................................. 20

Import Statements ........................................................................................................................................ 21

A Simple Case Study ...................................................................................................................................... 21

What is Next? ................................................................................................................................................ 23

Java

iii

5. Java – Basic Datatypes ............................................................................................................................ 24

Primitive Datatypes ....................................................................................................................................... 24

Reference Datatypes ..................................................................................................................................... 26

Java Literals ................................................................................................................................................... 26

What is Next? ................................................................................................................................................ 28

6. Java – Variable Types .............................................................................................................................. 29

Local Variables ............................................................................................................................................... 29

Instance Variables ......................................................................................................................................... 31

Class/static Variables ..................................................................................................................................... 33

What is Next? ................................................................................................................................................ 34

7. Java – Modifier Types ............................................................................................................................. 35

Java Access Modifiers .................................................................................................................................... 35

Java Non-Access Modifiers ............................................................................................................................ 38

The Static Modifier ........................................................................................................................................ 38

The Final Modifier ......................................................................................................................................... 39

The Abstract Modifier.................................................................................................................................... 41

Access Control Modifiers ............................................................................................................................... 43

Non-Access Modifiers .................................................................................................................................... 44

What is Next? ................................................................................................................................................ 44

8. Java – Basic Operators ............................................................................................................................ 45

The Arithmetic Operators .............................................................................................................................. 45

The Relational Operators............................................................................................................................... 47

The Bitwise Operators ................................................................................................................................... 49

The Logical Operators .................................................................................................................................... 52

The Assignment Operators ............................................................................................................................ 53

Miscellaneous Operators ............................................................................................................................... 57

Precedence of Java Operators ....................................................................................................................... 59

What is Next? ................................................................................................................................................ 59

9. Java – Loop Control ................................................................................................................................. 60

While Loop in Java ......................................................................................................................................... 61

for Loop in Java .............................................................................................................................................. 62

Do While Loop in Java ................................................................................................................................... 65

Loop Control Statements ............................................................................................................................... 67

Break Statement in Java ................................................................................................................................ 67

Continue Statement in Java ........................................................................................................................... 69

Enhanced for loop in Java .............................................................................................................................. 70

What is Next? ................................................................................................................................................ 71

10. Java – Decision Making ........................................................................................................................... 72

If Statement in Java ....................................................................................................................................... 73

If-else Statement in Java................................................................................................................................ 74

The if...else if...else Statement ...................................................................................................................... 76

Nested if Statement in Java ........................................................................................................................... 77

Switch Statement in Java ............................................................................................................................... 78

The ? : Operator: ........................................................................................................................................... 80

What is Next? ................................................................................................................................................ 81

Java

11. Java – Numbers Class .............................................................................................................................. 82

Number Methods .......................................................................................................................................... 83

Java XXXValue Method .................................................................................................................................. 86

Java – compareTo() Method .......................................................................................................................... 87

Java – equals() Method ................................................................................................................................. 88

Java – valueOf() Method ............................................................................................................................... 89

Java – toString() Method ............................................................................................................................... 91

Java – parseInt() Method ............................................................................................................................... 92

Java – abs() Method ...................................................................................................................................... 93

Java – ceil() Method ...................................................................................................................................... 94

Java – floor() Method .................................................................................................................................... 95

Java – rint() Method ...................................................................................................................................... 96

Java – round() Method .................................................................................................................................. 97

Java – min() Method ...................................................................................................................................... 98

Java – max() Method ..................................................................................................................................... 99

Java – exp() Method .................................................................................................................................... 100

Java – log() Method ..................................................................................................................................... 101

Java – pow() Method ................................................................................................................................... 102

Java – sqrt() Method .................................................................................................................................... 103

Java – sin() Method ..................................................................................................................................... 104

Java – cos() Method ..................................................................................................................................... 105

Java – tan() Method ..................................................................................................................................... 106

Java – asin() Method ................................................................................................................................... 107

Java – acos() Method ................................................................................................................................... 108

Java – atan() Method ................................................................................................................................... 109

Java – atan2() Method ................................................................................................................................. 110

Java – toDegrees() Method ......................................................................................................................... 111

Java – toRadians() Method .......................................................................................................................... 112

Java – random() Method ............................................................................................................................. 113

What is Next? .............................................................................................................................................. 114

12. Java – Character Class ........................................................................................................................... 115

Escape Sequences ........................................................................................................................................ 115

Character Methods ...................................................................................................................................... 117

Java – isLetter() Method .............................................................................................................................. 117

Java – isDigit() Method ................................................................................................................................ 118

Java – isWhitespace() Method .................................................................................................................... 119

Java – isUpperCase() Method ...................................................................................................................... 120

Java – isLowerCase() Method ...................................................................................................................... 121

Java – toUpperCase() Method ..................................................................................................................... 122

Java – toLowerCase() Method ..................................................................................................................... 123

Java – toString() Method ............................................................................................................................. 124

What is Next? .............................................................................................................................................. 125

13. Java – Strings Class ................................................................................................................................ 126

Creating Strings ........................................................................................................................................... 126

Java – String Buffer & String Builder Classes ............................................................................................... 126

StringBuffer Methods .................................................................................................................................. 127

Java – String Buffer append() Method ........................................................................................................ 128

Java – String Buffer reverse() Method ......................................................................................................... 129

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