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物联网-智慧交通-磁性液体磁粘特性及其对微压差传感器动态特性影响的研究.pdf
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物联网-智慧交通-磁性液体磁粘特性及其对微压差传感器动态特性影响的研究.pdf
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I
摘 要
磁性液体由于其流动性和超顺磁性,在传感器方面的应用越来越广泛。对磁性液体微
压差传感器动态性能的分析是推动其应用的关键,而磁性液体粘度在磁场中的变化对其动
态特性有重要影响,因此本文对磁性液体的磁粘特性进行了理论分析和实验研究,建立了
考虑磁粘特性的传感器磁-机械强耦合模型,进行了传感器静动态特性的实验研究,进而分
析了传感器动态特性的影响因素,为磁性液体微压差传感器的结构优化和实用化提供理论
依据。本文的主要研究工作如下:
(1)阐述了磁性液体粘度的多个影响因素:表面活性剂、温度等;对磁性液体粘度
在磁场下的变化情况作了理论分析,得到一定条件下,粘度随磁场的变化关系。
(2)利用亥姆霍兹线圈原理,设计了磁场强度可调的均匀交直流磁场发生装置,构
建磁性液体磁粘特性测试系统,得到磁性液体的磁粘特性曲线,为传感器动态特性的建模
研究提供了数据基础。
(3)基于流体运动学方程,建立了考虑磁粘特性的微压差传感器磁-机械强耦合模型,
对传感器内的磁场和流体场进行仿真分析,其结果与理论具有一致性。
(4)选择适合微压差传感器的磁性液体,进行了相关参数的测量;确定了传感器的
结构参数和激励源等,选择了数字微压源、激波管阶跃压力源和微小正弦压力源作为压力
源,为静态、动态特性的研究提供了平台。
(5)通过微压差传感器的静态实验,得到其输入-输出特性曲线,计算了传感器的静
态性能参数;在此基础上进行了传感器的动态实验,对其进行了时域和频域的动态性能分
析,得到传递函数与幅频特性曲线;最后将实验与仿真数据对比,分析了影响微压差传感
器动态特性的因素,为传感器的结构优化和实用化提供了理论依据。
本文关于磁性液体磁粘特性的理论分析和测试系统研究,不仅为磁性液体微压差传感
器的动态研究提供了基础,也为其他磁性液体传感器研究提供了参考;对磁性液体传感器
动态特性的建模与实验研究,为优化磁性液体传感器结构、推动其实用化奠定了基础。
关键字:磁性液体,微压差传感器,磁粘特性,磁-机耦合,动态特性
万方数据
II
ABSTRACT
Magnetic fluid is a new material which has both fluidity and magnetism. Owing to the
unique feature, it is applied on sensor more and more widely. Dynamic analysis of micro
differential pressure sensor is the key to promote its application, and the viscosity of magnetic
fluid in magnetic field has important influence on the dynamic performance. So magnetoviscous
characteristic of magnetic fluid is firstly studied through theoretical analysis and experimental
measurement, then a magneto-mechanical strong coupled model of sensor including
magnetoviscous effect is founded. The dynamic experiments are designed and the influence
factors of dynamic performance are analyzed. It provides theoretical basis of structure
optimizing and practical design of the sensor. Main points of this paper are as follows:
(1) The influence factors of the viscosity of magnetic fluid are discussed, such as interfacial
active agent, temperature. The viscosity of magnetic fluid in magnetic field is analyzed in theory
and this changing relationship is achieved.
(2) The device is designed to provide an adjustable uniform ac/dc magnetic field based on
Helmholtz coils. The experimental measurement is carried out using this device and the
magnetoviscous characteristic curve is measured. It provides data for dynamic modeling of
sensor.
(3) Considering the magnetoviscous effect of magnetic fluid, a numerical model of
magneto-mechanical strong coupled of micro differential pressure sensor is established, based on
fluid kinematics theory. Based on the model, the magnetic field, and fluid field of magnetic fluid
in the sensor are analyzed and simulated.
(4) Magnetic fluid suitable for micro differential pressure sensor is selected and its
parameters are measured. The sensor structure and excitation source, such as phase step and
small sinusoidal pressure sources, are choose to provide the experimental system for the research
of dynamic characteristics.
(5) The static and dynamic characteristics of the sensor are measured and analyzed. The
transfer function and Bode diagram, which show dynamic parameters of time domain and
frequency domain of sensor, are acquired. And the influence factors of dynamic performance are
discussed through simulation and experimental measurement.
The magnetoviscous characteristic of magnetic fluid is concerned through theoretical
analysis and experimental measurement in this paper. It offers the basis for micro differential
pressure sensor and other sensors based on magnetic fluid. The dynamic modeling and
万方数据
III
experimental study provides theoretical basis to optimize the new micro differential pressure
sensor and promote the practicability of it.
KEYWORDS: magnetic fluid, micro differential pressure sensor, magnetoviscous
characteristic, magnetic - mechanical coupling, dynamic performance
万方数据
IV
目 录
第一章 绪 论 ................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 课题背景 ........................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 磁性液体应用技术 ........................................................................................................... 2
1.2.1 磁性液体简介 ........................................................................................................... 2
1.2.2 磁性液体的应用........................................................................................................ 2
1.3 传感器技术 ....................................................................................................................... 6
1.3.1 传感器种类 ............................................................................................................... 6
1.3.2 传感器发展趋势........................................................................................................ 7
1.3.3 压差传感器的应用 .................................................................................................... 8
1.3.4 微压差传感器的类型 ............................................................................................... 11
1.4 磁性液体传感发展现状 .................................................................................................. 16
1.4.1 磁性液体传感器的发展 ........................................................................................... 16
1.4.2 磁性液体传感器种类 ............................................................................................... 17
1.4.3 磁性液体传感器研究存在的问题 ............................................................................ 20
1.5 本文主要研究内容 .......................................................................................................... 20
第二章 磁性液体磁粘特性的研究 ....................................................................................22
2.1 无外磁场时磁性液体的粘度 ........................................................................................... 22
2.1.1 磁性颗粒含量对磁性液体粘度的影响 .................................................................... 22
2.1.2 表面活性剂含量对磁性液体粘度的影响 ................................................................ 23
2.1.3 温度对磁性液体粘度的影响 ................................................................................... 24
2.2 磁性液体的磁粘特性 ....................................................................................................... 24
2.2.1 理论分析 .................................................................................................................. 24
2.2.2 磁场下管流磁性液体的粘度 ................................................................................... 27
2.3 磁性液体磁粘特性实验研究 ........................................................................................... 29
2.3.1 磁场线圈的设计....................................................................................................... 31
2.3.2 直流磁场下磁性液体粘度的测量 ............................................................................ 35
2.3.3 交流磁场对粘度的影响 ........................................................................................... 37
2.3.4 转速对磁粘特性的影响 ........................................................................................... 38
2.3.5 温度对磁粘特性的影响 ........................................................................................... 39
2.4 本章小结 .......................................................................................................................... 40
第三章 磁性液体微压差传感器磁-机耦合模型 .................................................................41
万方数据
V
3.1 磁性液体微压差传感器原理及输出特性 ........................................................................ 41
3.2 磁性液体微压差传感器磁-机耦合模型 .......................................................................... 45
3.2.1 磁场分析 ................................................................................................................... 45
3.2.2 流体运动场分析........................................................................................................ 46
3.2.3 磁-机械场耦合分析 .................................................................................................. 48
3.2.4 微压差传感器磁-机耦合模型 .................................................................................. 52
3.3 磁性液体微压差传感器动态特性仿真 ............................................................................ 54
3.3.1 微压差传感器仿真模型的建立 ............................................................................... 54
3.3.2 仿真结果分析 .......................................................................................................... 55
3.4 本章小结 .......................................................................................................................... 60
第四章 磁性液体微压差传感器实验系统设计 ..................................................................61
4.1 磁性液体的选择及参数测量 ........................................................................................... 61
4.1.1 实验用磁性液体的选择 ............................................................................................ 61
4.1.2 实验用磁性液体的参数测量 .................................................................................... 62
4.2 磁性液体微压差传感器结构 ........................................................................................... 65
4.2.1 线圈及骨架 .............................................................................................................. 65
4.2.2 U 形管 .................................................................................................................... 66
4.2.3 激励源的选择 .......................................................................................................... 66
4.2.4 电磁屏蔽与信号采集 ............................................................................................... 67
4.3 磁性液体微压差传感器实验平台 ................................................................................... 68
4.3.1 静态实验平台 .......................................................................................................... 68
4.3.2 阶跃响应动态实验平台 ........................................................................................... 69
4.3.3 正弦响应动态实验平台 ........................................................................................... 71
4.4 本章小结 .......................................................................................................................... 72
第五章 磁性液体微压差传感器动态实验研究 ..................................................................74
5.1 传感器静态特性实验研究 ............................................................................................... 74
5.1.1 线圈激励电源频率恒定 ......................................................................................... 74
5.1.2 线圈激励电源频率可变 ......................................................................................... 78
5.2 传感器动态特性实验研究 ............................................................................................... 79
5.2.1 阶跃响应实验 ........................................................................................................ 80
5.2.2 正弦响应实验 ........................................................................................................ 83
5.3 实验结果分析 .................................................................................................................. 87
5.3.1 传感器系统的传递函数 ......................................................................................... 87
5.3.2 传感器动态特性影响因素分析.............................................................................. 90
5.4 本章小结 .......................................................................................................................... 92
第六章 结 论 ..................................................................................................................93
万方数据
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