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ISO14698-1-2003 Cleanrooms and associated controlled.Part1
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ISO 14698-1-2003 是国际标准化组织(ISO)发布的一份标准,专门针对洁净室和相关控制环境中的生物污染控制。这份标准是第一部分,主要涉及一般原则和方法。其全称为“Cleanrooms and associated controlled environments — Biocontamination control — Part 1: General principles and methods”,在法语版本中则为“Salles propres et environnements maîtrisés apparents — Maîtrise de la biocontamination — Partie 1: Principes généraux et méthodes”。
洁净室是那些对空气洁净度有极高要求的环境,常见于制药、半导体制造、生物技术和医疗设备等领域。ISO 14698-1-2003 提供了关于如何管理和控制这些环境中生物污染的指南,确保产品生产过程的安全性和质量。这份标准涵盖了以下几个关键知识点:
1. **定义和分类**:标准首先明确了洁净室和相关控制环境的定义,以及不同级别的洁净度标准。这些标准通常基于每立方米空气中粒径大于一定尺寸的颗粒数量。
2. **生物污染控制**:该部分详述了防止和减少微生物污染的策略,包括人员培训、穿着防护服、清洁程序、消毒措施等。此外,还讨论了生物负载的监测和评估方法。
3. **风险评估**:标准强调进行生物污染风险评估的重要性,以便识别潜在的污染源和传播途径,并制定相应的预防措施。
4. **监控和测试**:规定了对洁净室微生物负载进行定期监测的程序,包括空气、表面和工艺用水的采样方法,以及对样本的分析和结果解释。
5. **维护与验证**:ISO 14698-1-2003 强调了洁净室设施的维护计划和验证程序,确保其持续符合规定的洁净度标准。
6. **文档和记录管理**:标准规定了所有操作、维护和监测活动的记录保存,以及相关文件的管理,确保可追溯性和合规性。
7. **应急响应**:当发生生物污染事件时,应有应急响应计划来迅速有效地控制和消除污染,同时避免对生产过程造成过多中断。
8. **法规与合规性**:标准考虑了全球不同地区的法规要求,帮助企业确保其洁净室操作符合当地和国际法规标准。
ISO 14698-1-2003 是洁净室行业的重要指导文件,为设计、运行和维护高洁净度环境提供了全面的生物污染控制框架。对于从事相关行业的工程师、管理人员和技术人员来说,理解和应用这份标准至关重要,以确保产品的质量和生产环境的安全。
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
ISO
14698-1
First
editi
on
2003-09-01
Cleanrooms
and
associated
controlled
environments
—
Biocontamination
control
—
Part
1:
General
principles
and
methods
Salles
propres
et
environnements
maitrises
apparentes
—
—
Maitrise
de
la
biocontamination
—
—
Partie
1:
Principes
generaux
et
methodes
Ref
ere
nee
nu
mber
ISO
14698-1
:2003(E)
©
ISO
2003
Copyright
International
Organization
for
Standardization
Provided
by
IHS
under
license
with
ISO
No
reproduction
or
networking
permitted
without
license
from
IHS
Not
for
Resale
ISO
1
4698-1
:2003(E)
PDF
disclaimer
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Published
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©
ISO
2003
一
All
rights
reserved
Copyright
International
Organization
for
Standardization
Provided
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IHS
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license
with
ISO
No
reproduction
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Not
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Resale
ISO
1
4698-1
:2003(E)
Contents
Foreword
Page
v
Introduction
1
Scope
.......................................................................................................................................................
1
2
Normative
references
............................................................................................................................
1
3
Terms
and
definitions
............................................................................................................................
1
4
Principles
of
biocontamination
control
...............................................................................................
4
5
Establishing
the
Formal
System
..........................................................................................................
5
6
Expression,
interpretation
and
reporting
of
results
.........................................................................
10
7
Verification
of
the
Formal
System
......................................................................................................
11
8
Training
.................................................................................................................................................
11
9
Documentation
.....................................................................................................................................
11
Annex
A
(informative)
Guidance
on
determining
airborne
biocontamination
..........................................
12
Annex
B
(informative)
Guidance
on
validating
air
samplers
......................................................................
15
Annex
C
(informative)
Guidance
on
determining
biocontamination
of
surfaces
.....................................
18
Annex
D
(informative)
Guidance
on
determining
biocontamination
of
textiles
........................................
20
Annex
E
(informative)
Guidance
on
validating
laundering
processes
.......................................................
22
Annex
F
(informative)
Guidance
on
determining
biocontamination
of
liquids
.........................................
26
Annex
G
(informative)
Guidance
on
training
.................................................................................................
28
Bibliography
......................................................................................................................................................
31
iii
I
c
cccc
Copyright
International
Organization
for
Stand
ardizaSon
「
ights
reserved
Provided
by
IHS
under
license
with
ISO
No
reproduction
or
networking
permitted
without
license
from
IHS
Not
for
Resale
ISO
1
4698-1
:2003(E)
Foreword
ISO
(the
International
Organization
for
Standardization)
is
a
worldwide
federation
of
national
standards
bodies
(ISO
member
bodies).
The
work
of
prepari
ng
In
ternational
Stan
dards
is
normally
carried
out
through
ISO
technical
committees.
Each
member
body
interested
in
a
subject
for
which
a
technical
committee
has
been
established
has
the
right
to
be
represented
on
that
committee.
International
organizations,
governmental
and
non-governmental,
in
liaison
with
ISO,
also
take
part
in
the
work.
ISO
collaborates
closely
with
the
International
Electrotechnical
Commission
(IEC)
on
all
matters
of
electrotechnical
standardization.
International
Standards
are
drafted
in
accordance
with
the
rules
given
in
the
ISO/IEC
Directives,
Part
2.
The
main
task
of
technical
committees
is
to
prepare
Inter
national
Standards.
Draft
Internati
onal
Stan
dards
adopted
by
the
technical
committees
are
circulated
to
the
member
bodies
for
voting.
Publication
as
an
International
Standard
requires
approval
by
at
least
75
%
of
the
member
bodies
casting
a
vote.
Attention
is
drawn
to
the
possibility
that
some
of
the
elements
of
this
document
may
be
the
subject
of
patent
rights.
ISO
shall
not
be
held
responsible
for
identifying
any
or
all
such
patent
rights.
ISO
14698-1
was
prepared
by
Technical
Committee
ISO/TC
209,
Cleanrooms
and
associated
controlled
environments.
ISO
14698
consists
of
the
following
parts,
under
the
general
title
Cleanrooms
and
associated
controlled
environments
—
Biocontamination
control:
—
—
Part
1:
General
principles
and
methods
—
—
Part
2:
Evaluation
and
interpretation
of
biocontamination
data
©
ISO
2003
一
All
rights
reserved
Copyright
International
Organization
for
Standardization
Provided
by
IHS
under
license
with
ISO
No
reproduction
or
networking
permitted
without
license
from
IHS
Not
for
Resale
ISO
1
4698-1
:2003(E)
Introduction
The
principles
described
here
are
in
tended
to
promote
appropriate
hygienic
practices.
This
part
of
ISO
14698
is
one
of
a
number
of
standards
considering
factors
important
for
the
creation
of
clean,
controlled
environments.
Hygiene
has
become
increasingly
important
in
many
areas
of
modern
society.
In
such
areas,
hygiene
or
biocontamination
control
methods
are,
or
will
be,
used
to
create
safe
and
stable
products.
International
trade
in
hygiene-sensitive
products
has
greatly
increased.
At
the
same
time,
the
use
of
antimicrobial
agents
has
been
reduced
or
forbidden,
creating
a
need
for
increased
biocontamination
control.
This
part
of
ISO
14698
is
the
first
general
International
Standard
for
biocontamination
control.
However,
many
factors
besides
cleanliness
must
be
considered
in
the
design,
specification,
operation
and
control
of
cleanrooms
and
associated
con
trolled
environme
nts.
In
some
circumstances,
relevant
regulatory
agencies
could
impose
supplementary
policies
or
restrictions.
In
such
situations,
appropriate
adaptations
of
the
standard
testing
procedures
might
be
required.
I
c
cccc
Copyright
International
Organization
for
Stand
ardizaSon
「
ights
reserved
V
Provided
by
IHS
under
license
with
ISO
No
reproduction
or
networking
permitted
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license
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