======================================================
Building and Distributing Packages with ``setuptools``
======================================================
``setuptools`` is a collection of enhancements to the Python ``distutils``
(for Python 2.3.5 and up on most platforms; 64-bit platforms require a minimum
of Python 2.4) that allow you to more easily build and distribute Python
packages, especially ones that have dependencies on other packages.
Packages built and distributed using ``setuptools`` look to the user like
ordinary Python packages based on the ``distutils``. Your users don't need to
install or even know about setuptools in order to use them, and you don't
have to include the entire setuptools package in your distributions. By
including just a single `bootstrap module`_ (an 8K .py file), your package will
automatically download and install ``setuptools`` if the user is building your
package from source and doesn't have a suitable version already installed.
.. _bootstrap module: http://peak.telecommunity.com/dist/ez_setup.py
Feature Highlights:
* Automatically find/download/install/upgrade dependencies at build time using
the `EasyInstall tool <http://peak.telecommunity.com/DevCenter/EasyInstall>`_,
which supports downloading via HTTP, FTP, Subversion, and SourceForge, and
automatically scans web pages linked from PyPI to find download links. (It's
the closest thing to CPAN currently available for Python.)
* Create `Python Eggs <http://peak.telecommunity.com/DevCenter/PythonEggs>`_ -
a single-file importable distribution format
* Include data files inside your package directories, where your code can
actually use them. (Python 2.4 distutils also supports this feature, but
setuptools provides the feature for Python 2.3 packages also, and supports
accessing data files in zipped packages too.)
* Automatically include all packages in your source tree, without listing them
individually in setup.py
* Automatically include all relevant files in your source distributions,
without needing to create a ``MANIFEST.in`` file, and without having to force
regeneration of the ``MANIFEST`` file when your source tree changes.
* Automatically generate wrapper scripts or Windows (console and GUI) .exe
files for any number of "main" functions in your project. (Note: this is not
a py2exe replacement; the .exe files rely on the local Python installation.)
* Transparent Pyrex support, so that your setup.py can list ``.pyx`` files and
still work even when the end-user doesn't have Pyrex installed (as long as
you include the Pyrex-generated C in your source distribution)
* Command aliases - create project-specific, per-user, or site-wide shortcut
names for commonly used commands and options
* PyPI upload support - upload your source distributions and eggs to PyPI
* Deploy your project in "development mode", such that it's available on
``sys.path``, yet can still be edited directly from its source checkout.
* Easily extend the distutils with new commands or ``setup()`` arguments, and
distribute/reuse your extensions for multiple projects, without copying code.
* Create extensible applications and frameworks that automatically discover
extensions, using simple "entry points" declared in a project's setup script.
In addition to the PyPI downloads, the development version of ``setuptools``
is available from the `Python SVN sandbox`_, and in-development versions of the
`0.6 branch`_ are available as well.
.. _0.6 branch: http://svn.python.org/projects/sandbox/branches/setuptools-0.6/#egg=setuptools-dev06
.. _Python SVN sandbox: http://svn.python.org/projects/sandbox/trunk/setuptools/#egg=setuptools-dev
.. contents:: **Table of Contents**
.. _ez_setup.py: `bootstrap module`_
-----------------
Developer's Guide
-----------------
Installing ``setuptools``
=========================
Please follow the `EasyInstall Installation Instructions`_ to install the
current stable version of setuptools. In particular, be sure to read the
section on `Custom Installation Locations`_ if you are installing anywhere
other than Python's ``site-packages`` directory.
.. _EasyInstall Installation Instructions: http://peak.telecommunity.com/DevCenter/EasyInstall#installation-instructions
.. _Custom Installation Locations: http://peak.telecommunity.com/DevCenter/EasyInstall#custom-installation-locations
If you want the current in-development version of setuptools, you should first
install a stable version, and then run::
ez_setup.py setuptools==dev
This will download and install the latest development (i.e. unstable) version
of setuptools from the Python Subversion sandbox.
Basic Use
=========
For basic use of setuptools, just import things from setuptools instead of
the distutils. Here's a minimal setup script using setuptools::
from setuptools import setup, find_packages
setup(
name = "HelloWorld",
version = "0.1",
packages = find_packages(),
)
As you can see, it doesn't take much to use setuptools in a project.
Just by doing the above, this project will be able to produce eggs, upload to
PyPI, and automatically include all packages in the directory where the
setup.py lives. See the `Command Reference`_ section below to see what
commands you can give to this setup script.
Of course, before you release your project to PyPI, you'll want to add a bit
more information to your setup script to help people find or learn about your
project. And maybe your project will have grown by then to include a few
dependencies, and perhaps some data files and scripts::
from setuptools import setup, find_packages
setup(
name = "HelloWorld",
version = "0.1",
packages = find_packages(),
scripts = ['say_hello.py'],
# Project uses reStructuredText, so ensure that the docutils get
# installed or upgraded on the target machine
install_requires = ['docutils>=0.3'],
package_data = {
# If any package contains *.txt or *.rst files, include them:
'': ['*.txt', '*.rst'],
# And include any *.msg files found in the 'hello' package, too:
'hello': ['*.msg'],
}
# metadata for upload to PyPI
author = "Me",
author_email = "me@example.com",
description = "This is an Example Package",
license = "PSF",
keywords = "hello world example examples",
url = "http://example.com/HelloWorld/", # project home page, if any
# could also include long_description, download_url, classifiers, etc.
)
In the sections that follow, we'll explain what most of these ``setup()``
arguments do (except for the metadata ones), and the various ways you might use
them in your own project(s).
Specifying Your Project's Version
---------------------------------
Setuptools can work well with most versioning schemes; there are, however, a
few special things to watch out for, in order to ensure that setuptools and
EasyInstall can always tell what version of your package is newer than another
version. Knowing these things will also help you correctly specify what
versions of other projects your project depends on.
A version consists of an alternating series of release numbers and pre-release
or post-release tags. A release number is a series of digits punctuated by
dots, such as ``2.4`` or ``0.5``. Each series of digits is treated
numerically, so releases ``2.1`` and ``2.1.0`` are different ways to spell the
same release number, denoting the first subrelease of release 2. But ``2.10``
is the *tenth* subrelease of release 2, and so is a different and newer release
from ``2.1`` or ``2.1.0``. Leading zeros within a series of digits are also
ignored, so ``2.01`` is the same as ``2.1``, and different from ``2.0.1``.
Following a release number, you can have either a pre-release or post-release
tag. Pre-release tags make a version be c
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setuptools-0.6b4.zip (58个子文件)
setuptools-0.6b4
setuptools
__init__.py 2KB
archive_util.py 6KB
sandbox.py 7KB
cli.exe 6KB
depends.py 6KB
extension.py 1KB
tests
__init__.py 12KB
doctest.py 97KB
test_resources.py 17KB
command
__init__.py 468B
install_egg_info.py 3KB
build_py.py 7KB
egg_info.py 12KB
bdist_egg.py 16KB
build_ext.py 11KB
easy_install.py 58KB
register.py 277B
install.py 3KB
upload.py 6KB
install_lib.py 2KB
bdist_rpm.py 1KB
sdist.py 4KB
install_scripts.py 2KB
test.py 4KB
rotate.py 2KB
saveopts.py 740B
alias.py 2KB
develop.py 4KB
setopt.py 5KB
dist.py 29KB
gui.exe 6KB
package_index.py 26KB
setuptools.txt 137KB
setup.py 4KB
pkg_resources.txt 91KB
PKG-INFO 5KB
site.py 2KB
tests
shlib_test
hellolib.c 61B
test_hello.py 175B
setup.py 264B
hello.pyx 75B
hello.c 6KB
launcher.c 4KB
EasyInstall.txt 74KB
setuptools.egg-info
SOURCES.txt 1KB
top_level.txt 43B
PKG-INFO 5KB
entry_points.txt 2KB
not-zip-safe 0B
easy_install.py 506B
virtual-python.py 4KB
pkg_resources.py 81KB
ez_setup.py 7KB
api_tests.txt 10KB
version 1KB
setup.cfg 160B
release.sh 725B
version.dat 66B
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