【新(人)版英语八年级上各单元知识点大归纳】
在八年级上册的英语学习中,学生们将接触到一系列重要的语法和词汇知识点。以下是详细的学习重点:
**不定代词**:
不定代词是英语中一种特殊的代词,用于替代不确定的名词或形容词。例如:
1. **some** 和 **any** 可以与可数名词或不可数名词连用。**some** 常用于肯定句,而 **any** 常用于否定句、疑问句和条件句。但在某些情况下,问句中也会使用 **some** 表示期待对方给出肯定回答。
2. **some, any, no, every** 构成的复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
3. 定语修饰不定代词时,定语应置于不定代词之后,如:something interesting。
**动词短语**:
1. **buy sth for sb./ buy sb. sth**:为某人购买某物。
2. **taste + adj.**:尝起来……,如:This cake tastes delicious.
3. **nothing ….but + V. (原形)**:除了……之外什么都没有,如:There is nothing but silence in the room.
4. **seem + (to be) + adj**:看起来……,如:He seems to be tired.
5. **arrive in + 大地方 / arrive at + 小地方**:到达某地,如:I arrived in Beijing yesterday.
6. **decide to do sth.**:决定做某事,如:She decided to study harder.
7. **try doing sth.**:尝试做某事,/ **try to do sth.**:尽力做某事,如:Let's try speaking English more often.
8. **enjoy doing sth.**:喜欢做某事,如:I enjoy reading books.
9. **want to do sth.**:想去做某事,如:I want to travel around the world.
10. **start doing sth.**:开始做某事,等于 **begin doing sth.**,如:Let's start practicing now.
11. **stop doing sth.**:停止做某事,区分:**stop to do sth.**:停下来去做另一件事,如:Stop talking and listen to the teacher.
12. **dislike doing sth.**:不喜欢做某事,如:I dislike cleaning my room.
13. **so + adj + that + 从句**:如此……以至于……,如:She was so happy that she cried.
14. **tell sb. (not) to do sth.**:告诉某人(不要)做某事,如:Don't tell him to come late.
15. **keep doing sth.**:继续做某事,如:Keep studying hard.
16. **forget to do sth.**:忘记去做某事,如:I forgot to lock the door.
17. **forget doing sth.**:忘记做过某事,如:I forget posting the letter.
**词语辨析**:
1. **take a photo/ take photos**:拍照,如:I took quite a few photos on my trip.
2. **seem**:看起来……,如:You seem happy today. 也可以用不定式结构 **seem to do sth.** 或加从句,如:It seems like a good idea.
3. **arrive in + 大地点**,等于 **get to** 或 **reach + 地点名**:到达……,在小地点前用 **arrive at**。注意地点副词如 here, there, home 前面不需要介词。
4. **feel like sth/ doing sth.**:感觉像是……,如:I feel like going for a walk.
5. **wonder**:“想知道”,后接疑问词引导的从句,如:I wonder where she is.
6. **because of**:后面接名词、代词或动名词,表示原因,如:He can’t go out because of the rain.
7. **enough + 名词**:“足够……”,如:I have enough time to finish the task.
在第二单元 **How often do you exercise?** 中,我们学习了关于频率的表达:
1. 频率副词(如 always, usually, often, sometimes, never)常位于实义动词前,be 动词或助动词后。
2. 表示“次数”:一次(once),两次(twice),三次以上用基数词+times,如 three times。
3. **how often** 询问频率,回答常含频率词组或短语。
4. 关于其他疑问词:
- **How soon**:询问多久以后,如:How soon will he return?
- **How long**:询问多长时间,如:How long did it take you to finish the project?
- **How many + 名词复数/How much + 不可数名词**:询问数量,如:How many books do you have?
这些知识点是八年级上英语学习的重点,理解和掌握它们对于提高学生的英语水平至关重要。学生需要通过练习和实际应用来巩固这些概念,以确保在考试和日常交流中能灵活运用。