The Swift Programming Language中文完整版
网上的The Swift Programming Language都是英文版的。
这一份是中文完整版。非常清晰的精校本。
目录
1. 欢迎使⽤Swift ................................ ................................ ................................ .............. 8
1.1.关于 Swift ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 8
1.2. Swift 初见................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 9
简单值 ................................ ................................ ................................ ............... 9
控制流 ................................ ................................ ................................ ............. 11
函数和闭包 ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 14
对象和类................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 16
枚举和结构体................................ ................................ ................................ ... 20
接口和扩展 ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 23
泛型................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 25
2. Swift 教程 ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. 26
2.1 基础部分 ................................ ................................ ................................ ........... 26
常量和变量 ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 27
注释................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 30
分号................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 31
整数................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 31
浮点数 ................................ ................................ ................................ ............. 32
类型安全和类型推测 ................................ ................................ ........................ 32
数值型字面量................................ ................................ ................................ ... 33
数值型类型转换 ................................ ................................ ............................... 35
类型别名 ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 36
布尔值 ................................ ................................ ................................ ............. 37
元组................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 38
可选................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 40
断言................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 44
2.2. 基本运算符................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 45
术语................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 46
赋值运算符 ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 47
数值运算................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 47
复合赋值................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 51
比较运算................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 51
三目条件运算................................ ................................ ................................ ... 52
区间运算符 ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 53
逻辑运算................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 54
2.3. 字符串和字符................................ ................................ ................................ ... 57
字符串字面量................................ ................................ ................................ ... 58
The Swift Programming Language 中文 CocoaChina 精校版 3
初始化空字符串 ................................ ................................ ............................... 59
字符串可变性................................ ................................ ................................ ... 59
字符串是值类型 ................................ ................................ ............................... 60
使用字符(Characters) ................................ ................................ ...................... 60
计算字符数量................................ ................................ ................................ ... 61
连接字符串和字符................................ ................................ ............................ 61
字符串插值 ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 62
比较字符串 ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 63
大写和小写字符串 ................................ ................................ ............................ 65
Unicode ................................ ................................ ................................ ........... 65
2.4. 集合类型................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 68
数组................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 68
字典................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 74
集合的可变性................................ ................................ ................................ ... 79
2.5. 控制流................................ ................................ ................................ ............. 79
For 循环................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 80
While 循环 ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 84
条件语句................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 88
控制转移语句................................ ................................ ................................ ... 97
2.6. 函数................................ ................................ ................................ ................103
定义和调用函数 ................................ ................................ .............................. 104
函数的形参和返回值 ................................ ................................ ....................... 105
函数形参名 ................................ ................................ ................................ .....108
函数类型................................ ................................ ................................ .........115
嵌套函数................................ ................................ ................................ .........119
2.7. 闭包................................ ................................ ................................ ................119
闭包表达式 ................................ ................................ ................................ .....120
Trailing 闭包................................ ................................ ................................ ...124
捕获 (Caputure) ................................ ................................ ............................. 127
闭包是引用类型 ................................ ................................ .............................. 129
2.8. 枚举................................ ................................ ................................ ................130
枚举语法（ Enumeration Syntax） ................................ ................................ ..130
匹配枚举值和 Switch 语句................................ ................................ ...............132
关联值（ Associated Values） ................................ ................................ .........133
原始值（ Raw Values） ................................ ................................ ................... 135
2.9. 类和结构体................................ ................................ ................................ .....137
类和结构体对比 ................................ ................................ .............................. 138
结构体和枚举是值类型................................ ................................ .................... 141
类是引用类型................................ ................................ ................................ ..143
类和结构体的选择................................ ................................ ........................... 145
The Swift Programming Language 中文 CocoaChina 精校版 4
集合(Collection)类型的赋值和拷贝行为................................ ........................... 146
2.10. 属性................................ ................................ ................................ ..............151
存储属性................................ ................................ ................................ .........152
计算属性................................ ................................ ................................ .........155
属性监视器 ................................ ................................ ................................ .....158
全局变量和局部变量 ................................ ................................ ....................... 160
类型属性................................ ................................ ................................ .........160
2.11. ⽅法................................ ................................ ................................ ..............165
实例方法(Instance Methods)................................ ................................ ...........165
类型方法(Type Methods) ................................ ................................ ................171
2.12. 附属脚本................................ ................................ ................................ .......174
附属脚本语法................................ ................................ ................................ ..174
附属脚本用法................................ ................................ ................................ ..176
附属脚本选项................................ ................................ ................................ ..176
2.13. 继承................................ ................................ ................................ ..............178
定义一个基类（Base class） ................................ ................................ ..........179
子类生成（ Subclassing） ................................ ................................ ...............180
重写（ Overriding） ................................ ................................ ........................ 182
防止重写................................ ................................ ................................ .........186
2.14. 构造过程................................ ................................ ................................ .......187
存储型属性的初始赋值................................ ................................ .................... 187
定制化构造过程 ................................ ................................ .............................. 189
默认构造器 ................................ ................................ ................................ .....192
值类型的构造器代理 ................................ ................................ ....................... 193
类的继承和构造过程 ................................ ................................ ....................... 196
通过闭包和函数来设置属性的默认值................................ ............................... 207
2.15. 反初始化................................ ................................ ................................ .......209
反初始化................................ ................................ ................................ .........209
反初始化原理................................ ................................ ................................ ..209
2.16. 自动引用计数................................ ................................ ................................ 212
ARC 如何工作 ................................ ................................ ................................ 213
ARC 实践 ................................ ................................ ................................ .......214
类实例间的强引用环 ................................ ................................ ....................... 215
解决实例间的强引用环................................ ................................ .................... 218
解决闭包产生的强引用环 ................................ ................................ ................228
2.17. 自判断链接 ................................ ................................ ................................ ...230
自判断链接可替代强制拆包................................ ................................ .............231
为自判断链接定义模型类 ................................ ................................ ................233
通过自判断链接调用属性 ................................ ................................ ................235
The Swift Programming Language 中文 CocoaChina 精校版 5
通过自判断链接调用方法 ................................ ................................ ................235
使用自判断链接调用子脚本................................ ................................ .............236
连接多层链接................................ ................................ ................................ ..237
链接自判断返回值的方法 ................................ ................................ ................238
2.18. 类型转换................................ ................................ ................................ .......239
定义一个类层次作为例子 ................................ ................................ ................239
检查类型................................ ................................ ................................ .........241
向下转型（简称下转） ................................ ................................ .................... 242
Any 和 AnyObject 的转换................................ ................................ ................243
2.19 类型嵌套................................ ................................ ................................ ........246
类型嵌套实例................................ ................................ ................................ ..246
类型嵌套的引用 ................................ ................................ .............................. 248
2.20 扩展................................ ................................ ................................ ...............249
扩展语法（ Extension Syntax） ................................ ................................ ..........249
计算型属性（ Computed Properties） ................................ ............................. 250
构造器（ Initializers） ................................ ................................ ...................... 251
方法（ Methods） ................................ ................................ ........................... 252
下标（ Subscripts） ................................ ................................ ........................ 254
嵌套类型（ Nested Types） ................................ ................................ ............255
2.21 协议................................ ................................ ................................ ...............256
协议的语法 ................................ ................................ ................................ .....256
属性要求................................ ................................ ................................ .........257
方法要求................................ ................................ ................................ .........258
突变方法要求................................ ................................ ................................ ..259
协议类型................................ ................................ ................................ .........261
委托(代理)模式 ................................ ................................ ............................... 262
在扩展中添加协议成员 ................................ ................................ .................... 265
通过延展补充协议声明................................ ................................ .................... 266
集合中的协议类型................................ ................................ ........................... 267
协议的继承 ................................ ................................ ................................ .....267
协议合成................................ ................................ ................................ .........269
检验协议的一致性................................ ................................ ........................... 270
可选协议要求................................ ................................ ................................ ..271
2.22 泛型................................ ................................ ................................ ...............274
泛型所解决的问题................................ ................................ ........................... 274
泛型函数................................ ................................ ................................ .........276
类型参数................................ ................................ ................................ .........277
命名类型参数................................ ................................ ................................ ..277
泛型类型................................ ................................ ................................ .........278
类型约束................................ ................................ ................................ .........281
The Swift Programming Language 中文 CocoaChina 精校版 6
关联类型................................ ................................ ................................ .........284
Where 语句 ................................ ................................ ................................ ....287
2.23 高级运算符 ................................ ................................ ................................ ....290
位运算符................................ ................................ ................................ .........291
溢出运算符 ................................ ................................ ................................ .....296
优先级和结合性 ................................ ................................ .............................. 299
运算符函数 ................................ ................................ ................................ .....300
自定义运算符................................ ................................ ................................ ..304
3 语言附注 ................................ ................................ ................................ .............305
3.1 关于语言附注 ................................ ................................ ................................ ...305
如何阅读语法................................ ................................ ................................ ..306
3.2 词法结构 ................................ ................................ ................................ .........307
空白与注释 ................................ ................................ ................................ .....307
标识符 ................................ ................................ ................................ ............307
关键字 ................................ ................................ ................................ ............309
字面量 ................................ ................................ ................................ ............309
运算符 ................................ ................................ ................................ ............313
3.3 类型 ................................ ................................ ................................ ................314
类型注解................................ ................................ ................................ .........315
类型标识符 ................................ ................................ ................................ .....316
元组类型................................ ................................ ................................ .........316
函数类型................................ ................................ ................................ .........317
数组类型................................ ................................ ................................ .........319
可选类型................................ ................................ ................................ .........319
隐式解析可选类型................................ ................................ ........................... 320
协议合成类型................................ ................................ ................................ ..321
元类型 ................................ ................................ ................................ ............322
类型继承子句................................ ................................ ................................ ..323
类型推断................................ ................................ ................................ .........323
3.4 表达式................................ ................................ ................................ .............324
前缀表达式（ Prefix Expressions） ................................ ................................ .....325
二元表达式（ Binary Expressions） ................................ ................................ ....325
赋值表达式（ Assignment Operator） ................................ ................................ 328
三元条件运算符（ Ternary Conditional Operator） ................................ ..............328
类型转换运算符（ Type-Casting Operators） ................................ ...................... 329
主要表达式（ Primary Expressions） ................................ ................................ ..330
后缀表达式（ Postfix Expressions） ................................ ................................ ...336
3.5 语句 ................................ ................................ ................................ ................342
循环语句................................ ................................ ................................ .........343
分支语句................................ ................................ ................................ .........346
The Swift Programming Language 中文 CocoaChina 精校版 7
带标签的语句................................ ................................ ................................ ..350
3.6 声明 ................................ ................................ ................................ ................354
模块范围................................ ................................ ................................ .........355
代码块 ................................ ................................ ................................ ............356
引入声明................................ ................................ ................................ .........356
常量声明................................ ................................ ................................ .........357
变量声明................................ ................................ ................................ .........358
类型的别名声明 ................................ ................................ .............................. 362
函数声明................................ ................................ ................................ .........363
枚举声明................................ ................................ ................................ .........367
结构体声明 ................................ ................................ ................................ .....369
协议声明................................ ................................ ................................ .........372
构造器声明 ................................ ................................ ................................ .....376
析构声明................................ ................................ ................................ .........377
扩展声明................................ ................................ ................................ .........378
附属脚本声明................................ ................................ ................................ ..378
运算符声明 ................................ ................................ ................................ .....379
3.7 特性 ................................ ................................ ................................ ................381
声明特性................................ ................................ ................................ .........382
类型特性................................ ................................ ................................ .........385
3.8 模式 ................................ ................................ ................................ ................385
通配符模式（ Wildcard Pattern） ................................ ................................ ......386
标识符模式（ Identifier Pattern） ................................ ................................ ......387
值绑定模式（ Value-Binding Pattern） ................................ ............................... 387
元组模式（ Tuple Pattern） ................................ ................................ ...............388
枚举案例模式（ Enumeration Case Pattern） ................................ ...................... 389
类型转换模式（ Type-Casting Patterns） ................................ ............................ 389
表达式模式（ Expression Pattern） ................................ ................................ ....390
3.9 泛型参数 ................................ ................................ ................................ .........391
泛型形参语句................................ ................................ ................................ ..391
泛型实参语句................................ ................................ ................................ ..393
3.10 语法总结................................ ................................ ................................ ........394
语句................................ ................................ ................................ ................395
泛型参数................................ ................................ ................................ .........396
声明................................ ................................ ................................ ................397
模式................................ ................................ ................................ ................402
特性................................ ................................ ................................ ................403
表达式 ................................ ................................ ................................ ............403
词法结构................................ ................................ ................................ .........406
类型................................ ................................ ................................ ................409
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