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MPEG-7 Overview
Executive Overview
MPEG-7 is an ISO/IEC standard developed by MPEG (Moving Picture Experts 
Group), the committee that also developed the Emmy Award winning standards 
known as MPEG-1 and MPEG-2, and the MPEG-4 standard. MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 
standards made interactive video on CD-ROM and Digital Television possible. 
MPEG-4 is the multimedia standard for the fixed and mobile web enabling integration
of multiple paradigms. 
MPEG-7, formally named "Multimedia Content Description Interface", is a standard 
for describing the multimedia content data that supports some degree of interpretation 
of the information meaning, which can be passed onto, or accessed by, a device or a 
computer code. MPEG-7 is not aimed at any one application in particular; rather, the 
elements that MPEG-7 standardizes support as broad a range of applications as 
possible. 
More information about MPEG-7 can be found at the MPEG home page 
(http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg) and the MPEG Industry Forum website 
(http://www.mpegif.org), which contain links to a wealth of information about 
MPEG, including much about MPEG-7, many publicly available documents, several 
lists of ‘Frequently Asked Questions’ and links to other MPEG-7 web pages. 
This document gives an overview of the MPEG-7 standard, explaining which pieces 
of technology it includes and what sort of applications are supported by this 
technology. Also the current work towards MPEG-7 version 2 is presented.
Table of Contents
 Executive Overview      
 Table of Contents    
 1. Introduction    
 2. Major functionalities in MPEG-7    
o 2.1 MPEG-7 Systems    
o 2.2 MPEG-7 Description Definition Language    
o 2.3 MPEG-7 Visual    
o 2.4 MPEG-7 Audio    
o 2.5 MPEG-7 Multimedia Description Schemes    
o 2.6 MPEG-7 Reference Software: the eXperimentation Model    
o 2.7 MPEG-7 Conformance    

o 2.8 MPEG-7 Extraction and use of descriptions    
o 2.9 MPEG-7 Profiles    
o 2.10 MPEG-7 Schema Definition    
 3. Detailed technical description of the MPEG-7 Technologies    
o 3.1 MPEG-7 Multimedia Description Schemes    
 3.1.1 Organization of MDS tools    
 3.1.1.1 Basic Elements    
 3.1.1.2 Content Management    
 3.1.1.4 Navigation and Access    
 3.1.1.5 Content Organization    
 3.1.1.6 User Interaction    
 3.1.2.1 Media Description Tools    
 3.1.2.2 Creation & production Description Tools    
 3.1.2.3 Content usage Description Tools    
 3.1.3.1 Description of the content structural aspects    
 3.1.4.1 Summaries    
 3.1.4.2 Partitions and Decompositions    
 3.1.4.3 Variations of the Content    
 3.1.5.1 Collections    
 3.1.5.2 Models    
 3.2.1 Basic structures    
 3.2.1.1 Grid layout    
 3.2.1.3 Time Series    
 3.2.1.4 2D-3D Multiple View    
 3.2.1.5 Spatial 2D Coordinates    
 3.2.1.6 Temporal Interpolation    
 3.2.2 Color Descriptors    
 3.2.2.1 Color space    
 3.2.2.2 Color Quantization    
 3.2.2.3 Dominant Color(s)    
 3.2.2.4 Scalable Color    
 3.2.2.5 Color Layout    
 3.2.2.6 Color-Structure Descriptor    
 3.2.2.7 GoF/GoP Color    
 3.2.3 Texture Descriptors    
 3.2.3.1 Homogenous Texture Descriptors    
 3.2.3.2 Texture Browsing    
 3.2.3.3 Edge Histogram    
 3.2.4 Shape Descriptors    
 3.2.4.1 Region Shape    
 3.2.4.2 Contour Shape    
 3.2.4.3 Shape 3D    
 3.2.5 Motion Descriptors    
 3.2.5.1 Camera Motion    

 3.2.5.2 Motion Trajectory    
 3.2.5.3 Parametric Motion    
 3.2.5.4 Motion Activity    
 3.2.6 Localization    
 3.2.6.1 Region Locator    
 3.2.6.2 Spatio Temporal Locator    
 3.2.7 Others    
 3.2.7.1 Face Recognition    
 3.3.1 MPEG-7 Audio Framework    
 3.3.1.1 Structures    
 3.3.1.2 Features    
 3.3.1.3 Basic    
 3.3.1.4 Basic Spectral    
 3.3.1.5 Signal Parameters    
 3.3.1.9 Silence segment    
 3.3.2 High-level audio Description Tools (Ds and DSs)    
 3.3.2.1 Audio Signature Description Scheme    
 3.3.2.2 Musical Instrument Timbre Description Tools    
 3.3.2.3 Melody Description Tools    
 3.3.2.4 General Sound Recognition and Indexing Description    
Tools 
 3.3.2.5 Spoken Content Description Tools    
 3.4.1 Context of development    
 3.4.2 XML Schema Overview    
 3.4.3 XML Schema: Structures    
 3.4.4 XML Schema: Datatypes    
 3.4.5 MPEG-7 Extensions to XML Schema    
o 3.5 BiM (Binary Format for MPEG-7)    
 3.5.1 Introduction    
 3.5.2 BiM binary format is not dedicated to any specific XML language    
 3.5.3 BiM is a schema oriented encoding scheme    
 3.5.4 BiM is a pre-parsed format    
 3.5.5 BiM is a typed binary format    
 3.5.6 BiM is backward and forward compatible binary format    
 3.5.7 BiM allows a parameterized transmission of XML document.    
 3.5.8 BiM decoder can be efficiently processed at binary level    
 3.5.9 BiM can be adapted to better suit a specific language    
o 3.6 MPEG-7 Terminal    
 3.6.1 Terminal architecture    
 3.6.2.1 General characteristics of description streams    
 3.6.3 Sequence of events during decoder initialisation    
 3.6.5 Issues in encoding descriptions    
 3.6.5.1 Fragmenting descriptions    

 3.6.5.3 Managing schema version compatibility with MPEG-7    
Systems 
 3.6.6 Differences between the TeM and BiM    
 3.6.6.1 Introduction    
 3.6.6.3 Update command semantics    
 3.6.6.5 Navigation    
 3.6.6.6 Multiple payloads    
 3.6.7 Characteristics of the delivery layer    
o 3.7 Reference Software: the eXperimentation Model    
 3.7.3 Modularity of the XM-software    
 3.7.4 Application modules    
 3.7.4.1 Media decoders    
 3.7.4.2 Multimedia data    
 3.7.4.3 Extraction tool    
 3.7.4.4 Descriptor class    
 3.7.4.5 Coding Scheme    
 3.7.4.6 Search tool    
 3.7.5 Applications types in the XM software    
 3.7.5.1 Extraction from Media    
 3.7.5.4 Description Filtering Application    
 3.7.6 The MPEG-7 key application model    
 3.7.6.1 Definition of key applications    
 3.7.6.2 The interface model    
 3.7.7 Key applications vs. real world applications    
o 3.8 MPEG-7 Conformance Testing    
 3.8.1 Conformance testing    
 3.8.1.1 Conformance testing of descriptions    
 3.8.1.2 Conformance testing of terminals    
 3.8.2.1 Normative interfaces    
 3.8.2.1.1 Description of the normative interfaces    
 4. MPEG-7 Profiling    
o 4.1 Introduction    
 4.2.1 MPEG-7 Schema    
 4.2.2 Description profiles    
 4.2.3 Description levels    
 4.2.4 Profile schema    
 4.2.5 Signaling of profile and level    
 4.3.1 Step 1 – Selecting MPEG-7 description tools    
 4.3.2 Step 2 – Constraining the selected MPEG-7 description tools    
 4.3.3 Step 3 – Additional semantic constraints    
 4.4.1 Simple Metadata Profile (SMP)    
 4.4.2 User Description Profile (UDP)    
 4.4.3 Core Description Profile (CDP)    
 5. MPEG-7 beyond version 1    

o 5.1 Systems    
o 5.2 DDL    
o 5.3 Visual    
o 5.4 Audio    
o 5.5 MDS    
o 5.6 Reference Software    
o 5.7 Conformance Testing    
o 5.8 Extraction and Use of Descriptions    
o 5.9 Profiles and Levels    
o 5.10 Schema Definition    
 References    
 Annexes    
o Annex A - Organization of work in MPEG    
o Annex B - Glossary and Acronyms    
1. Introduction
Accessing audio and video used to be a simple matter - simple because of the 
simplicity of the access mechanisms and because of the poverty of the sources. An 
incommensurable amount of audiovisual information is becoming available in digital 
form, in digital archives, on the World Wide Web, in broadcast data streams and in 
personal and professional databases, and this amount is only growing. The value of 
information often depends on how easy it can be found, retrieved, accessed, filtered 
and managed. 
The transition between the second and third millennium abounds with new ways to 
produce, offer, filter, search, and manage digitized multimedia information. 
Broadband is being offered with increasing audio and video quality and speed of 
access. The trend is clear: in the next few years, users will be confronted with such a 
large number of contents provided by multiple sources that efficient and accurate 
access to this almost infinite amount of content seems unimaginable today. In spite of 
the fact that users have increasing access to these resources, identifying and managing
them efficiently is becoming more difficult, because of the sheer volume. This applies
to professional as well as end users. The question of identifying and managing content
is not just restricted to database retrieval applications such as digital libraries, but 
extends to areas like broadcast channel selection, multimedia editing, and multimedia 
directory services. 
This challenging situation demands a timely solution to the problem. MPEG-7 is the 
answer to this need. 
MPEG-7 is an ISO/IEC standard developed by MPEG (Moving Picture Experts 
Group), the committee that also developed the successful standards known as MPEG-