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Introduction

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Introduc ripting

1



tiontoPythonSc

ForMayaArtists

ByChadVernon

TableofContents

Introduction..................................................................................................................................................3

AdditionalResources....................................................................................................................................3

PythonintheComputerGraphicsIndustry..................................................................................................3

WhyshouldyoulearnPython?.................................................................................................................3

SomeProgramsthatsupportPython:......................................................................................................4

WhatisPythonusedfor?..........................................................................................................................4

IntroductiontoPython.................................................................................................................................5

WhatisPython?........................................................................................................................................5

ThePythonInterpreter.............................................................................................................................5

WhatisaPythonScript?...........................................................................................................................5

TheInteractivePrompt.............................................................................................................................6

RunningPythonScriptsFromaComma ndPrompt..................................................................................8

RunningScriptsinMayaandwithinaPythonSession.............................................................................9 

PythonModules......................................................................................................................................12

DataTypesandVariables............................................................................................................................13

Variables..................................................................................................................................................13

NumbersandMath.................................................................................................................................14

Strings.....................................................................................................................................................15

StringMethods....................................................................................................................................17

Lists.........................................................................................................................................................18

Tuples......................................................................................................................................................19

Dictionaries.............................................................................................................................................19

BooleansandComparingValues............................................................................................................20

ControllingtheFlowofExecution...............................................................................................................22

Conditionals............................................................................................................................................22

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CodeBlocks.........................................................................................................................................23

WhileLoops.............................................................................................................................................23

ForLoops.................................................................................................................................................24

Functions.....................................................................................................................................................26

FunctionArguments................................................................................................................................27

Scope.......................................................................................................................................................27

LambdaExpressions................................................................................................................................28

ExceptionsandErrorHandling....................................................................................................................30

Files.............................................................................................................................................................31

Modules......................................................................................................................................................32

ModulePackages....................................................................................................................................32

Built‐InandThirdPartyModules............................................................................................................33

ClassesandObjectOrientedProgramming................................................................................................34

QuickNotes.............................................................................................................................................34

Classes.....................................................................................................................................................34

InheritanceandPolymorphism...............................................................................................................35

DocumentingYourCode.............................................................................................................................37

SampleScripts.............................................................................................................................................37

PythonOutsideofMayaConclusion...........................................................................................................38

PythoninMaya...........................................................................................................................................39

TheMayaPythonCommandDocumentation........................................................................................40

SampleScripts.............................................................................................................................................46

CallingMELfromPython.............................................................................................................................52

MayaPythonStandaloneApplications.......................................................................................................52

Conclusion...................................................................................................................................................53

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2

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Introduction

Thisworkshopisgearedtowardsstuden tswithlittletonoscripting/programmingexperience.Bythe

endofthisworkshop,youwillhavetheknowledgetowriteandrunPythonscriptsinsideandoutsideof

Maya.YouwillnotlearneverythingaboutPythonfromthisworkshop.Thisworkshopincludesallthe

basicinformationyoushouldknowinordertobeproficientinreading,writing,running,andmodifying

Pythonscripts.ThepurposeofthisworkshopisnottomakeyouexpertPythonscripters,buttogiveyou

asolidfoundationfromwhichinfurtheryourPythonstudies.

AdditionalResources

• LearningPython,3rdEditionbyMarkLutz

• DiveIntoPython:http://www.diveintopython.org/toc/index.html



• Thepython_inside_mayaGoogleemail

list:http://groups.google.com/group/python_inside _maya



• http://www.pythonchallenge.com/



PythonintheComputerGraphicsIndustry

WhyshouldyoulearnPython?

• Blizzard

o SeniorLookDevelopmentTechnicalDirector

 StrongtechnicalknowledgeofthePythonandMELprogramminglanguages.

o CinematicsEngineer

 SignificantPythonand/orPerlexperience

• Pixar

o TechnicalDirector,Rigging 

 WritingscriptstofacilitateworkflowimprovementsinPythonorMEL,or

workingwithaprogrammertoenablethemtomakesuchimprovements

effectively.

• Lucasfilm/ILM

o DigitalFXArtist(MidLevel)

 Someexperiencewritingscripts(MEL,Python)and/orprogrammingis

necessary.

o AnimationAssistantTechnicalDirector

 ExperiencewithMel&Pythonrequired.

o DigitalArtistGroup‐CreatureTD

 ExperiencewithC++,mel,python,orotherscriptinglanguagesisdesirable.

o TechnicalAssistant

 Strongscriptinglanguage(i.e.Python,Perl)andprogramminglanguage(i.e.

C/C++,Java)isamust.

• ImageMoversDigital

o LookDevelopmentTD

3

 Someexperiencewithscripting/programminglanguages(python,MEL,PERL,C,

C++)isaplus.



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• Producemorecreativeiterationsinthefeedbackloop.

Engineerscan

• Createapplicationsandtoolstorunstudiopipelines.

• Customizeexistingapplicationstosupportstudiospecificworkflows.

• Letartistsbeartists.

IntroductiontoPython

WhatisPython?

Pythonisageneralpurposescriptinglanguageusedinmanydifferentindustries.Itisarelativelyeasyto

useandeasytolearnlanguage.Pythonisusedininternetservices,hardwaretesting,game

development,animationproduction,interfacedevelopment,databaseprogramming,andmanyother

domains.

ThePythonInterpreter

HowdoesthecomputerrunaPythonprogram?Howcanyougetthecomputertounderstandthe

Pythoncommandsyouwriteinatextfile?ThePythonInterpreteristhesoftwarepackagethattakes

yourcodeandtranslatesitintoaformthatthecomputercanunderstandinordertoexecutethe

commands.Thistranslatedformiscalledbytecod e.

ThePythonInterpretercanbedownloadedandinstalledforfreefromthePythonwebsite

(http://www.python.org/download/

).Linux,Unix,andMacplatformsusuallyshipwithaPython

Interpreteralreadyinstalled.Windowsuserswillneedtodownloadandinstalltheinterpreterifthey

wanttousePythonoutsideofprogramssuchastheoneslistedabove.Maya8.5andlaterhasaPython

InterpreterbuiltinsoyoucouldlearntousePythoninsidethescripteditorofMaya.

TherearedifferentversionsofthePythonInterpreter.Atthetimeofthiswriting,thelatestversionis

3.0.Maya8.5usesPython2.4.Maya2008usesPython2.5.LinuxandMacuserscouldhaveolder

versionsshippedwiththeirmachinessothey’llneedtoupgradeiftheywant accesstonewerPython

functionality.

Pythonisavailableintwodownloadtypes:installerandsourcecode.Theinstaller(an.msifileor.dmg

file)iswhatmostpeoplewilldownloadtogetPythonontheirmachine.SourcecodeisusedbyLinux

usersandsuperdorks.Pythonisascriptinglanguagethatwascreatedwithanotherprogramming

languageandthesourcecodecontainsthefilesnecessarytobuildandinstallitonLinuxmachines.

Ignorethesourcedownloadandjustgettheinstallerfornow.

WhatisaPythonScript?

5

APythonscriptissimplyabunchofcommandswritteninafilewitha.pyextension.Thistextfile isalso

calledaPythonmodule.This.pyfilecanbewritteninanytexteditorlikeNotePad,WordPad,vi,

emacs,Scite,etc.However,youdonotalwayshavetowriteyourcodeina.pyfile.Forquicktestsand

scripts,youcanruncodedirectlyfromtheMayascripteditororfromtheinteractiveprompt.



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