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Configuring
Net8
I
t’s a networked world out there, and Oracle is smack dab
in the middle of it. Not only do client-server applications
hit Oracle databases, but databases also communicate with
each other, and application servers execute database queries
on behalf of Internet and intranet clients.
In this chapter, you’ll learn about Net8, which is Oracle’s
networking software. You’ll learn about the various Net8
components, both on the server and on the client. You’ll
also learn some of the more common ways to configure Net8
server and client software. Finally, you’ll read about some
useful troubleshooting techniques that you can use to
resolve Net8 connectivity problems.
Describing the Net8 Oracle
Networking Software
Net8 is Oracle’s networking software. Its purpose is to provide
a common communication protocol for all Oracle software to
use. Oracle clients can use Net8 to communicate with database
servers; servers use Net8 to communicate with other servers.
From an application development standpoint, Net8 provides
a common interface that works the same regardless of the
underlying networking technology or hardware platforms
being used.
Oracle’s networking software used to be called SQL*Net.
With the release of Oracle8, the name was changed to Net8.
Note
5
5
CHAPTER
✦ ✦ ✦ ✦
In This Chapter
Describing Net8,
Oracle’s networking
software
Configuring Net8
on the server
Configuring Net8
on the client
Troubleshooting Net8
✦ ✦ ✦ ✦
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116
Part I ✦ In The Beginning
Figure 5-1 shows a simplified representation of how Net8 fits into the client/server
picture. As you can see, requests from a client software application are passed to
Net8. Net8 then transmits those requests to the database server using a low-level
networking protocol such as TCP/IP or SPX.
Figure 5-1: Net8 enables client applications to communicate with an
Oracle database.
Because Net8 works the same from an application point of view, regardless of the
underlying networking protocol being used, it is said to be network transparent. To
move an application from one network environment to another, all you have to do
is use the appropriate Net8 protocol adapter for that environment.
Net8 is also location transparent and operating-system transparent. It is location
transparent because application programs do not need to know the name of the
server to which they are connecting. Net8 is operating-system transparent because
it works the same regardless of whether it is running on Windows NT, UNIX, Novell,
or any other operating system that Oracle supports.
Client
Oracle Server
N
e
t
8
N
e
t
8
Client
N
e
t
8
Client
N
e
t
8
TCP/IP
Link
SPX
Link
SPX
Link
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117
Chapter 5 ✦ Configuring Net8
Net8 server components
The Net8 server component that you will be most concerned with is Net8 listener.
The listener is a process that runs on a database server to monitor the network for
incoming database connection requests. You interact with the listener by using a
program called the Listener Control program.
In addition to the listener is the Net8 Assistant, a Java program that gives you an
easy-to-use GUI interface for setting and modifying a variety of Net8 parameters.
Oracle servers usually have the Net8 Client components, such as Net8 Easy Config
and
tnsping, installed as well. You’ll read more about these client components later
in this chapter.
The Net8 listener
The Net8 listener’s job is to monitor the network, or listen, for requests to connect
to one of the databases on a database server. When an incoming request is detected,
the listener validates that request, logs the client on to the database, and hands the
client off to a server process, or possibly a dispatcher process. Figure 5-2 illustrates
this sequence of events.
Figure 5-2: Net8 Listener accepts incoming connection requests.
Once the connection has been made and the remote user has been logged on
to the database, the listener has no further role to play. All further communication
takes place between the client and either a server process or a dispatcher process.
However, the listener does listen for other connection requests.
Client
N
e
t
8
Oracle Server
Net8 Listener
Handoff
SQL Statements
and Results
Server
Process
Oracle
Instance
Connection
Request
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Part I ✦ In The Beginning
Listener Control
The Listener Control program is your primary means of interacting with the Net8
listener. You can use the Listener Control program to stop and start the listener,
check the status of the listener, turn on tracing, or set one of several options. The
screen output shown in Listing 5.1 demonstrates Listener Control being used to
bounce, that is, to stop and start, a listener:
Listing 5-1: Using the Listener Control program
C:\>lsnrctl
LSNRCTL for 32-bit Windows: Version 8.1.5.0.0 - Production on 25-JUL-99 18:11:50
(c) Copyright 1998 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
Welcome to LSNRCTL, type “help” for information.
LSNRCTL> set password bonk
The command completed successfully
LSNRCTL> stop
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC0)))
The command completed successfully
LSNRCTL> start
Starting tnslsnr: please wait...
Service OracleOraHome81TNSListener start pending.
Service OracleOraHome81TNSListener started.
TNSLSNR for 32-bit Windows: Version 8.1.5.0.0 - Production
System parameter file is E:\ORACLE\ORA81\NETWORK\ADMIN\listener.ora
Log messages written to E:\Oracle\Ora81\network\log\listener.log
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC0)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=jonathan)(PORT=1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(PROTOCOL_STACK=(PRESENTATION=GIOP)(SESSION=RAW))(ADD
RESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=jonathan)(PORT=2481)))
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC0)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for 32-bit Windows: Version 8.1.5.0.0 - Produc
tion
Start Date 25-JUL-99 18:12:00
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 2 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File E:\ORACLE\ORA81\NETWORK\ADMIN\listener.ora
Listener Log File E:\Oracle\Ora81\network\log\listener.log
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Chapter 5 ✦ Configuring Net8
Services Summary...
PLSExtProc has 1 service handler(s)
JONATHAN has 1 service handler(s)
The command completed successfully
LSNRCTL>
The most common Listener Control commands are described later in this chapter
in the section “Configuring Net8 on the Server.”
Multiple Listeners
In Figure 5-2 and in the previous example, the server was assumed to have only one
Net8 listener process running; however, you can have multiple listener processes
running at once. You might do this to ensure the complete separation of production
and test databases. Having separate listeners means that you can take the listener
for one database down without affecting the other database. There’s an example
later in this chapter showing you how to configure multiple listeners.
Net8 Assistants
In addition to the listener and the Listener Control program, a server may have
two assistants: Net8 Assistant and Net8 Configuration Assistant. Oracle uses the
term assistant to describe what Microsoft calls a wizard. An assistant is a program
that helps you perform a complex task by gathering information from you in a
user-friendly manner, and then it carries out the task for you.
Net8 Assistant is a nice GUI interface that you can use to configure the Net8 software
on your server. You perform most Net8 configuration by editing various text files,
some of which use some rather arcane syntax. Net8 Assistant lets you fill in forms
and dialog boxes and then uses that information to edit the text files for you. Net8
Configuration Assistant walks you through some of the common Net8 configuration
tasks that you need to perform after first installing Oracle8i software on a server.
Net8 Client components
A PC running Oracle client software will typically have the following Net8
components installed:
✦ Net8 Client
✦ Net8 Easy Config
Releases of Oracle prior to 8.1 also included protocol adapters as part of the
Net8 Client software. You would pick which protocol adapters to install based on
the network protocols in use at your site. With Oracle8i, the protocol adapters
have been bundled into the basic Net8 Client software. You can no longer install
them separately.
Cross-
Reference
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