.. XXX: reference/datamodel and this have quite a few overlaps!
.. _bltin-types:
**************
Built-in Types
**************
The following sections describe the standard types that are built into the
interpreter.
.. index:: pair: built-in; types
The principal built-in types are numerics, sequences, mappings, classes,
instances and exceptions.
Some collection classes are mutable. The methods that add, subtract, or
rearrange their members in place, and don't return a specific item, never return
the collection instance itself but ``None``.
Some operations are supported by several object types; in particular,
practically all objects can be compared for equality, tested for truth
value, and converted to a string (with the :func:`repr` function or the
slightly different :func:`str` function). The latter function is implicitly
used when an object is written by the :func:`print` function.
.. _truth:
Truth Value Testing
===================
.. index::
statement: if
statement: while
pair: truth; value
pair: Boolean; operations
single: false
Any object can be tested for truth value, for use in an :keyword:`if` or
:keyword:`while` condition or as operand of the Boolean operations below.
.. index:: single: true
By default, an object is considered true unless its class defines either a
:meth:`__bool__` method that returns ``False`` or a :meth:`__len__` method that
returns zero, when called with the object. [1]_ Here are most of the built-in
objects considered false:
.. index::
single: None (Built-in object)
single: False (Built-in object)
* constants defined to be false: ``None`` and ``False``.
* zero of any numeric type: ``0``, ``0.0``, ``0j``, ``Decimal(0)``,
``Fraction(0, 1)``
* empty sequences and collections: ``''``, ``()``, ``[]``, ``{}``, ``set()``,
``range(0)``
.. index::
operator: or
operator: and
single: False
single: True
Operations and built-in functions that have a Boolean result always return ``0``
or ``False`` for false and ``1`` or ``True`` for true, unless otherwise stated.
(Important exception: the Boolean operations ``or`` and ``and`` always return
one of their operands.)
.. _boolean:
Boolean Operations --- :keyword:`!and`, :keyword:`!or`, :keyword:`!not`
=======================================================================
.. index:: pair: Boolean; operations
These are the Boolean operations, ordered by ascending priority:
+-------------+---------------------------------+-------+
| Operation | Result | Notes |
+=============+=================================+=======+
| ``x or y`` | if *x* is false, then *y*, else | \(1) |
| | *x* | |
+-------------+---------------------------------+-------+
| ``x and y`` | if *x* is false, then *x*, else | \(2) |
| | *y* | |
+-------------+---------------------------------+-------+
| ``not x`` | if *x* is false, then ``True``, | \(3) |
| | else ``False`` | |
+-------------+---------------------------------+-------+
.. index::
operator: and
operator: or
operator: not
Notes:
(1)
This is a short-circuit operator, so it only evaluates the second
argument if the first one is false.
(2)
This is a short-circuit operator, so it only evaluates the second
argument if the first one is true.
(3)
``not`` has a lower priority than non-Boolean operators, so ``not a == b`` is
interpreted as ``not (a == b)``, and ``a == not b`` is a syntax error.
.. _stdcomparisons:
Comparisons
===========
.. index::
pair: chaining; comparisons
pair: operator; comparison
operator: ==
operator: < (less)
operator: <=
operator: > (greater)
operator: >=
operator: !=
operator: is
operator: is not
There are eight comparison operations in Python. They all have the same
priority (which is higher than that of the Boolean operations). Comparisons can
be chained arbitrarily; for example, ``x < y <= z`` is equivalent to ``x < y and
y <= z``, except that *y* is evaluated only once (but in both cases *z* is not
evaluated at all when ``x < y`` is found to be false).
This table summarizes the comparison operations:
+------------+-------------------------+
| Operation | Meaning |
+============+=========================+
| ``<`` | strictly less than |
+------------+-------------------------+
| ``<=`` | less than or equal |
+------------+-------------------------+
| ``>`` | strictly greater than |
+------------+-------------------------+
| ``>=`` | greater than or equal |
+------------+-------------------------+
| ``==`` | equal |
+------------+-------------------------+
| ``!=`` | not equal |
+------------+-------------------------+
| ``is`` | object identity |
+------------+-------------------------+
| ``is not`` | negated object identity |
+------------+-------------------------+
.. index::
pair: object; numeric
pair: objects; comparing
Objects of different types, except different numeric types, never compare equal.
The ``==`` operator is always defined but for some object types (for example,
class objects) is equivalent to :keyword:`is`. The ``<``, ``<=``, ``>`` and ``>=``
operators are only defined where they make sense; for example, they raise a
:exc:`TypeError` exception when one of the arguments is a complex number.
.. index::
single: __eq__() (instance method)
single: __ne__() (instance method)
single: __lt__() (instance method)
single: __le__() (instance method)
single: __gt__() (instance method)
single: __ge__() (instance method)
Non-identical instances of a class normally compare as non-equal unless the
class defines the :meth:`~object.__eq__` method.
Instances of a class cannot be ordered with respect to other instances of the
same class, or other types of object, unless the class defines enough of the
methods :meth:`~object.__lt__`, :meth:`~object.__le__`, :meth:`~object.__gt__`, and
:meth:`~object.__ge__` (in general, :meth:`~object.__lt__` and
:meth:`~object.__eq__` are sufficient, if you want the conventional meanings of the
comparison operators).
The behavior of the :keyword:`is` and :keyword:`is not` operators cannot be
customized; also they can be applied to any two objects and never raise an
exception.
.. index::
operator: in
operator: not in
Two more operations with the same syntactic priority, :keyword:`in` and
:keyword:`not in`, are supported by types that are :term:`iterable` or
implement the :meth:`__contains__` method.
.. _typesnumeric:
Numeric Types --- :class:`int`, :class:`float`, :class:`complex`
================================================================
.. index::
object: numeric
object: Boolean
object: integer
object: floating point
object: complex number
pair: C; language
There are three distinct numeric types: :dfn:`integers`, :dfn:`floating
point numbers`, and :dfn:`complex numbers`. In addition, Booleans are a
subtype of integers. Integers have unlimited precision. Floating point
numbers are usually implemented using :c:type:`double` in C; information
about the precision and internal representation of floating point
numbers for the machine on which your program is running is available
in :data:`sys.float_info`. Complex numbers have a real and imaginary
part, which are each a floating point number. To extract these parts
from a complex number *z*, use ``z.real`` and ``z.imag``. (The standard
library includes the additional numeric types :mod:`fractions.Fraction`, for
rationals, and :mod:`decimal.Decimal`, for floating-point numbers with
user-definable precision.)
.. index::
pair: numeric; literals
pair: integer; literals
pair: floating point; literals
pair: complex number; literals
pair: hexadecimal; literals
pair: octal; literals
pair:
没有合适的资源?快使用搜索试试~ 我知道了~
温馨提示
Python3.10官方开发文档(中文版)压缩包解压后,双击打开index.html文件,就能进入文档首页,然后就可以随意访问开发文档,不用再怕python官方网站访问不了了 Python由荷兰数学和计算机科学研究学会的吉多·范罗苏姆 于1990 年代初设计,作为一门叫做ABC语言的替代品。 Python提供了高效的高级数据结构,还能简单有效地面向对象编程。Python语法和动态类型,以及解释型语言的本质,使它成为多数平台上写脚本和快速开发应用的编程语言, 随着版本的不断更新和语言新功能的添加,逐渐被用于独立的、大型项目的开发。
资源详情
资源评论
资源推荐
收起资源包目录
![package](https://csdnimg.cn/release/downloadcmsfe/public/img/package.f3fc750b.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/UNKNOWN.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/UNKNOWN.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/UNKNOWN.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/UNKNOWN.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/UNKNOWN.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/UNKNOWN.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
![file-type](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download/static_files/pc/images/minetype/HTML.png)
共 1054 条
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 11
![zip](https://img-home.csdnimg.cn/images/20210720083736.png)
![rar](https://img-home.csdnimg.cn/images/20210720083606.png)
![zip](https://img-home.csdnimg.cn/images/20210720083736.png)
![zip](https://img-home.csdnimg.cn/images/20210720083736.png)
![chm](https://img-home.csdnimg.cn/images/20210720083646.png)
![chm](https://img-home.csdnimg.cn/images/20210720083646.png)
![rar](https://img-home.csdnimg.cn/images/20210720083606.png)
![zip](https://img-home.csdnimg.cn/images/20210720083736.png)
![gz](https://img-home.csdnimg.cn/images/20210720083447.png)
![rar](https://img-home.csdnimg.cn/images/20210720083606.png)
![zip](https://img-home.csdnimg.cn/images/20210720083736.png)
![rar](https://img-home.csdnimg.cn/images/20210720083606.png)
![avatar](https://profile-avatar.csdnimg.cn/9efb4625af314b75a075e8931b342e23_baidu_37075689.jpg!1)
ReyX-雷克斯
- 粉丝: 8
- 资源: 5
上传资源 快速赚钱
我的内容管理 展开
我的资源 快来上传第一个资源
我的收益
登录查看自己的收益我的积分 登录查看自己的积分
我的C币 登录后查看C币余额
我的收藏
我的下载
下载帮助
![voice](https://csdnimg.cn/release/downloadcmsfe/public/img/voice.245cc511.png)
![center-task](https://csdnimg.cn/release/downloadcmsfe/public/img/center-task.c2eda91a.png)
最新资源
- 打包和分发Rust工具.pdf
- SQL中的CREATE LOGFILE GROUP 语句.pdf
- C语言-leetcode题解之第172题阶乘后的零.zip
- C语言-leetcode题解之第171题Excel列表序号.zip
- C语言-leetcode题解之第169题多数元素.zip
- ocr-图像识别资源ocr-图像识别资源
- 图像识别:基于Resnet50 + VGG16模型融合的人体细胞癌症分类模型实现-图像识别资源
- C语言-leetcode题解之第168题Excel列表名称.zip
- C语言-leetcode题解之第167题两数之和II-输入有序数组.zip
- C语言-leetcode题解之第166题分数到小数.zip
资源上传下载、课程学习等过程中有任何疑问或建议,欢迎提出宝贵意见哦~我们会及时处理!
点击此处反馈
![feedback](https://img-home.csdnimg.cn/images/20220527035711.png)
![feedback](https://img-home.csdnimg.cn/images/20220527035711.png)
![feedback-tip](https://img-home.csdnimg.cn/images/20220527035111.png)
安全验证
文档复制为VIP权益,开通VIP直接复制
![dialog-icon](https://csdnimg.cn/release/downloadcmsfe/public/img/green-success.6a4acb44.png)
评论1