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<H2><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">二值图的细化</SPAN></H2>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">在文字识别、地质构造识别、工业零件形状识别或图像理解中，先对被处理的图像进行细化有助于突出形状特点和减少冗余信息量。细化是指将图像沿其中心轴线将其细化成一个像素宽的线条。细化方法有许多，这里只介绍一种简单的方法：</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>1)</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">循环读取二值图所有像素</SPAN><I><SPAN lang=EN-US>f</SPAN></I><SPAN
lang=EN-US>(<I>i,j</I>)(<I>i</I>=0,1,2…<I>w</I>-1;<I>j</I>=0,1,…<I>h</I>-1)</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>2)</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">定义函数：</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US> = 1 \* GB3 </SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">①</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> <I>A</I>(<I>k</I>)=1
(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">图像）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>
<I>A</I>(<I>k</I>)=0 (</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">背景）</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">其中：</SPAN> <I><SPAN lang=EN-US>k</SPAN></I><SPAN
lang=EN-US>=0</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">为中心待处理像素</SPAN><I><SPAN
lang=EN-US>f</SPAN></I><SPAN lang=EN-US>(<I>i</I></SPAN><I><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>j</SPAN></I><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">），</SPAN><I><SPAN lang=EN-US>k</SPAN></I><SPAN
lang=EN-US>=1</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol">~</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US>8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">是从左边像素开始，按逆时针顺序排列</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US>8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">个方向。如表</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US>6-1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 99.75pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">表</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>6-1 </SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">像素之间的关系表</SPAN></P>
<TABLE id=table1 style="MARGIN-LEFT: 50.4pt; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse"
cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 border=0>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 91.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm"
vAlign=top width=122>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US> <I>A</I>(4)=
<I>f</I>(<I>i</I>-1,<I>j</I>-1)</SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 88.4pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm"
vAlign=top width=118>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 5.25pt"><I><SPAN
lang=EN-US>A</SPAN></I><SPAN lang=EN-US>(3)=
<I>f</I>(<I>i</I>,<I>j</I>-1)</SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 81pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm"
vAlign=top width=108>
<P class=MsoNormal><I><SPAN lang=EN-US>A</SPAN></I><SPAN lang=EN-US>(2)=
<I>f</I>(<I>i</I>+1<I>,j</I>-1)</SPAN></P></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 91.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm"
vAlign=top width=122>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 10.5pt"><I><SPAN
lang=EN-US>A</SPAN></I><SPAN lang=EN-US>(5)=
<I>f</I>(<I>i</I>-1,<I>j</I>)</SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 88.4pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm"
vAlign=top width=118>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US> <I>A</I>(0)=
<I>f</I>(<I>i</I>,<I>j</I>)</SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 81pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm"
vAlign=top width=108>
<P class=MsoNormal><I><SPAN lang=EN-US>A</SPAN></I><SPAN lang=EN-US>(1)=
<I>f</I>(<I>i</I>+1,<I>j</I>)</SPAN></P></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 91.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm"
vAlign=top width=122>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 10.5pt"><I><SPAN
lang=EN-US>A</SPAN></I><SPAN lang=EN-US>(6)=
<I>f</I>(<I>i</I>-1,j+1)</SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 88.4pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm"
vAlign=top width=118>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 5.25pt"><I><SPAN
lang=EN-US>A</SPAN></I><SPAN lang=EN-US>(7)=
<I>f</I>(<I>i</I>,<I>j</I>+1)</SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 81pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm"
vAlign=top width=108>
<P class=MsoNormal><I><SPAN lang=EN-US>A</SPAN></I><SPAN lang=EN-US>(8)=
<I>f</I>(<I>i</I>+1,<I>j</I>+1)</SPAN></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 31.5pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US>
</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 10.5pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US> = 2 \* GB3
</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">②</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>
<I>C</I>(<I>k</I>)=1 (</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">当</SPAN><I><SPAN lang=EN-US>A</SPAN></I><SPAN
lang=EN-US>(<I>k</I>)=1) <I>C</I>(<I>k</I>)=0 (</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">当</SPAN><I><SPAN lang=EN-US>A</SPAN></I><SPAN
lang=EN-US>(<I>k</I>)<>1) </SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 10.5pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US> = 3 \* GB3
</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">③</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">连接数</SPAN><I><SPAN lang=EN-US>F</SPAN></I><SPAN
lang=EN-US>=</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol">S</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US>{(1-<I>C</I>(<I>i</I>))-(1-<I>C</I>(<I>i</I>))(1-<I>C</I>(<I>i</I>+1))(1-<I>C</I>(<I>i</I>+2))
(<I>i</I>=1,3,5,7)</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 10.5pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>
</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">如图</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>6-16</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">所示，当</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>F</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">为不同值所代表该像素点的含义：</SPAN></P>
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