1
Building the Laboratory
Barriers to PEV adoption
remain, however. One of
the most commonly cited
barriers is the need for places
for PEV drivers to plug in their
vehicles. How many and what
kind of charging stations are
needed? Where and how
often do PEV drivers charge?
To answer these questions,
the U.S. Department of
Energy launched The EV
Project and the ChargePoint
America project. Combined,
these projects form the
largest PEV infrastructure
demonstration in the world.
Between Jan. 1, 2011, and
Dec. 31, 2013, this com-
bined project installed
nearly 17,000 alternating
current (AC) Level 2 charging
stations for residential and
commercial use and over 100
dual-port direct current (DC)
fast chargers in 22 regions
across the United States.
More than 8,000 privately
owned Nissan Leafs and
Chevrolet Volts and more
than 300 Smart ForTwo
Electric Drive vehicles in
Car2Go car-sharing eets
were enrolled in the project.
This project was not just
about installing charging
infrastructure; the pur-
pose was to build a living
laboratory to study its use
and learn.
To accomplish this, Idaho
National Laboratory part-
nered with the Blink Net-
work, ChargePoint, General
Motors and OnStar, Nissan
North America, and Car2Go
to collect and analyze data
from the electric vehicle
charging stations and vehi-
cles enrolled in the project.
Private vehicle owners
participating in the project
had an AC Level 2 (240-volt)
charging unit installed in
their residences. In return,
they gave written consent
for researchers to collect
and analyze data from their
home charging units and
their PEVs. Data also was
collected from publicly
accessible charging stations
installed at a wide variety
of venues in and between
metropolitan areas around
the United States.
Data collected from vehicles
and charging infrastructure
over the 3-year project
period captured almost 125
million miles of driving and
6 million charging events,
providing the most com-
prehensive view of PEV and
charging usage to date.
Through partnerships with
states, municipalities, elec-
tric utilities, local business
owners, and numerous other
stakeholders, The EV Project
and ChargePoint America
installed charging stations in
22 regions across the United
States, shown in Figure 1.
Widespread adoption of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) has
the potential to signicantly reduce our nation’s transportation
petroleum consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.
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