摘 要
光学是物理学当中很抽象的一门学科。由于试验和教学需求，不
断出现各种仿真模式，然而既能反映整个物理过程，又能反映实验现
象的仿真软件一直没有出现，不利于学生对光学知识的加深理解，又
不利于教学工作者的深入讲解。随着计算机科学技术的不断发展和普
及，MATLAB 凭借其强大的图形处理功能、数学运算，逐渐走入了
科研人员以及教学人员的视野，并不断的加真完善，逐步开发出更加
精确、逼真的仿真应用程序。本论文正是基于以上背景下借鉴查阅相
关领域资料，再之结合了自己遇到的一些问题加以编程、分析，总结
编写而出。本文在仿真实验的开端，粗要简短的讲解了实验原理与方
法，给出了实验仿真图。本文完成的主要工作有:
(1)介绍了光学实验中 MATLAB 常用知识点。
(2)对光学基本概念讲解，并进行了仿真试验，包括光的分类、光
的偏振态、光的本质和特性、光的合成与分解。
(3)对光学部分基本现象进行了仿真试验，包括光的直线传播(小
孔成像)，光的干涉(杨氏双缝干涉实验、等厚干涉、等倾千涉、牛顿
环)、光的衍射(夫琅禾费圆孔衍射，夫琅禾费单缝衍射)等。通过光学
现象和实验仿真，教师和学生能更加深刻的学习、理解光学理论。
关键词：MATLAB；光学；仿真；偏振；干涉；衍射
Abstract
Optics is a very abstract subject in physics. As a result of the test and teaching needs,
there are a variety of simulation models, but both reflect the entire physical process,
but also reflect the experimental phenomenon of simulation software has not
appeared, is not conducive to students to deepen the understanding of optical
knowledge, but also not conducive to the teaching staff Explain in depth. With the
continuous development and popularization of computer science and technology,
MATLAB with its powerful graphics processing functions, mathematical operations,
and gradually into the field of scientific research personnel and teaching staff, and
constantly add true and perfect, and gradually develop a more accurate, realistic
Simulation application.This paper is based on the above context for reference to
access to relevant areas of information, and then combined with some of the problems
