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基于HMC1022与NRF9E5的交通信息采集系统.doc
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基于HMC1022与NRF9E5的交通信息采集系统.doc
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摘要
智能运输系统(ITS)被公认为是当前解决我国大城市交通拥挤和提高道路
安全的有效手段,而交通数据采集是 ITS 最为基础的环节。
本设计分析了国内外数据采集系统发展的现状和存在的问题,论证了交通数
据信息采集系统的必要性,提出了交通数据采集系统的基本要求,详细论述了基于
HMCl022 磁引信的信号采集模块,其硬件电路包括磁探测电路、信号放大电路
和基于 NRF9E5 芯片的无线射频收发电路。通过 HMC1022 双轴检查地磁场变化,
经过适量计算转换,可有效的降低误差,再经过基于 NRF9E5 的发射和接收模块,
实现远距离通讯,较以往的环形线圈感应式采集成本低,精度高,维护方便。无
线发射模块采用太阳能供电更好的降低了设备的维护几率,降低了,设备维护对
交通的影响。
软件采用 c 语言编写,并在 KEIL 集成环境中编辑、编译。实验结果证明整
个系统具有精度高、功耗低、使用方便和微型化的优点。
关键词:磁传感器;信号采集;无线射频收发;模块设计
Abstract
Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) is considered the current solve city congestion
and effective means of improving road safety, and traffic data acquisition is the most
basic part of the ITS.
The design of the development of domestic and international data acquisition
system status and problems of traffic data demonstrated the need for information
collection system, traffic data collection system is proposed the basic requirements
discussed in detail the magnetic fuze based HMCl022 signal acquisition module, The
hardware including magnetic detection circuit, signal amplifier and RF chips based
NRF9E5 transceiver circuit. Check through the HMC1022 two-axis geomagnetic field
changes, after appropriate conversion calculation, can effectively reduce the error, and
then after NRF9E5-based transmit and receive modules to achieve long-distance
communications, than before induction coil ring collection, low cost, high accuracy,
maintenance convenient. Solar-powered wireless transmitter module using a better
chance of reducing the maintenance of the equipment, reducing equipment maintenance
on the traffic.
Software using c language and integrated environment in KEIL edit, compile.
Experimental results show the system with high precision, low power consumption, easy
to use and the advantages of miniaturization.
Key words: magnetic sensor; signal acquisition; radio frequency transceiver; Module
目录
摘要...................................................................................................................................................I
Abstract...........................................................................................................................................II
1 绪论...............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 交通信息采集技术 ............................................................................................................4
1.1.1 智能交通系统 ..............................................................................................................4
1.1.2 国内外交通信息采集技术的种类和特点............................................................4
2 基于 HMC1022 与 NRF9E5 的交通数据采集系统 ........................................................6
2.1 传感器模块..........................................................................................................................6
2.1.1HMC1022 磁阻传感器功能.......................................................................................6
2.1.2HMC1022 性能及工作原理.......................................................................................6
2.1.3 磁传感器电路部分...................................................................................................17
2.2 基于 NRF9E5 的无线收/发模块.................................................................................20
2.2.1 NRF9E5 功能及工作原理 ......................................................................................20
2.2.2 基于 NRF9E5 的无线发射模块............................................................................26
2.2.3 基于 NRF9E5 的无线接收模块............................................................................27
3 SPI 基本协议............................................................................................................................28
3.1
SPI 基本协议.....................................................................................................................28
3.2
SPI 用户逻辑.....................................................................................................................28
3.3 SPI 原理..............................................................................................................................28
3.3.1 SPI 的多义性.............................................................................................................29
3.3.2 通信的 SPI 概念.....................................................................................................30
4 软件模块 ..................................................................................................................................36
4.1
基于嵌入式的交通信息采集程序流程图................................................................36
致谢................................................................................................................................................37
参考文献.......................................................................................................................................38
附录 1-----发射模块原理图......................................................................................................39
附录 2-----发射模块 PCB 图....................................................................................................40
附录 3-----接收模块原理图......................................................................................................41
附录 4-----接收模块 PCB 图....................................................................................................42
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