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Introduction
gr11 Linux Complete Command Reference 31104-6 christy 11.6.97 FM lp3
201 West 103rd Street
Indianapolis, Indiana 46290
LINUX COMPLETE
Command Reference
For more information on the Linux operating system and
Red Hat Software, Inc., check
http://www.redhat.com.
Compiled by J. Purcell
Red Hat Software, Inc.
President Richard K. Swadley
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Director of Product Development Dean Miller
Managing Editor Kitty Wilson Jarrett
Indexing Manager Johnna L. VanHoose
Director of Marketing Kelli S. Spencer
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COPYRIGHT © 1997 BY RED HAT SOFTWARE, INC.
FIRST EDITION
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system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. No
patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained
herein. Although every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this
book, the publisher and author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions.
Neither is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the
information contained herein. For information, address Sams Publishing, 201
W. 103rd St., Indianapolis, IN 46290.
International Standard Book Number: 0-672-31104-6
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 97-66202
2000 99 98 97 4 3 2 1
Interpretation of the printing code: the rightmost double-digit number is the
year of the book’s printing; the rightmost single-digit, the number of the book’s
printing. For example, a printing code of 97-1 shows that the first printing of the
book occurred in 1997.
Composed in AGaramond and MCPdigital by Macmillan Computer Publishing
Printed in the United States of America
TRADEMARKS
All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service
marks have been appropriately capitalized. Sams Publishing cannot attest to the
accuracy of this information. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded
as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark.
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Linux Complete Command Reference
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gr11 Linux Complete Command Reference 31104-6 christy 11.6.97 FM lp3
Part I User Commands
Introduction .........................................................................................................2
addftinfo ...............................................................................................................2
afmtodit ................................................................................................................2
ansi2knr ................................................................................................................4
anytopnm .............................................................................................................4
appres ...................................................................................................................5
ar ..........................................................................................................................5
arch.......................................................................................................................8
GNU as ................................................................................................................8
asciitopgm...........................................................................................................10
atktopbm ............................................................................................................10
bash ....................................................................................................................11
bdftopcf ..............................................................................................................47
beforelight...........................................................................................................47
biff ......................................................................................................................48
bioradtopgm .......................................................................................................48
bitmap, bmtoa, atobm ........................................................................................49
bmptoppm..........................................................................................................57
brushtopbm ........................................................................................................57
cal .......................................................................................................................58
cat.......................................................................................................................58
chattr ..................................................................................................................59
chfn ....................................................................................................................60
chgrp...................................................................................................................61
chkdupexe...........................................................................................................61
chmod.................................................................................................................61
chown .................................................................................................................62
chsh ....................................................................................................................63
ci.........................................................................................................................64
cidentd................................................................................................................69
cksum .................................................................................................................70
clear ....................................................................................................................70
cmuwmtopbm ....................................................................................................71
co........................................................................................................................71
col.......................................................................................................................76
colcrt...................................................................................................................77
colrm ..................................................................................................................77
column................................................................................................................78
comm..................................................................................................................78
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Introduction
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convdate..............................................................................................................79
cp........................................................................................................................80
cccp, cpp.............................................................................................................81
crontab................................................................................................................84
csplit ...................................................................................................................85
ctags....................................................................................................................87
cu........................................................................................................................88
cut ......................................................................................................................90
cvs.......................................................................................................................91
date...................................................................................................................106
dd .....................................................................................................................108
depmod, modprobe...........................................................................................109
df ......................................................................................................................112
dig ....................................................................................................................113
dnsquery ...........................................................................................................117
domainname .....................................................................................................119
dsplit.................................................................................................................119
du .....................................................................................................................120
editres ...............................................................................................................121
elvis, ex, vi, view, input .....................................................................................126
elvprsv...............................................................................................................128
elvrec.................................................................................................................129
emacs ................................................................................................................130
emacstool ..........................................................................................................134
etags..................................................................................................................135
expand ..............................................................................................................137
find ...................................................................................................................137
fitstopnm ..........................................................................................................142
fmt....................................................................................................................143
fold ...................................................................................................................143
free....................................................................................................................144
fsinfo.................................................................................................................145
fslsfonts.............................................................................................................145
fstobdf...............................................................................................................146
fstopgm.............................................................................................................147
ftp.....................................................................................................................147
fuser ..................................................................................................................154
g++....................................................................................................................155
g3topbm ...........................................................................................................160
gawk .................................................................................................................161
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