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Technical
Report
ISO/IEC TR 5469
First edition
2024-01
Reference number
ISO/IEC TR 5469:2024(en) © ISO/IEC 2024
A
Standard-2022
ii
ȀͷͶͻǣʹͲʹͶȋȌ
© ISO/IEC 2024 – All rights reserved
© ISO/IEC 2024
All rights reservedǤ less therise seiϐiedǡ r reired i the tet its ileettiǡ rt this liti
e rerded r tilied therise i r r esǡ eletri r ehilǡ ildig ht
igǡ r stig
the iteret r itretǡ itht rir ritte erissiǤ erissi e reested r either ISO t the ddress el
r ISOǯs eer d i the tr the r
eesterǤ
ISO right ϐie
C 40ͳ Ȉ ChǤ de ldet ͺ
CǦͳ2ͳ4 erierǡ eev
heǣ Ϊ4ͳ 22 4ͻ 0ͳ ͳͳ
Eilǣ rightisǤrg
esiteǣ www.iso.org
lished i Sw
iterld
A
Standard-2022
ȀͷͶͻǣʹͲʹͶȋȌ
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v
...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................vi
ͳ
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
ʹ iv
................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
͵ ϐiii
................................................................................................................................................................................................ 1
Ͷ vi
......................................................................................................................................................................................................... Ͷ
ͷ vvii
............................................................................................................................................................................ Ͷ
ͷ.ͳ eerl
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................4
ͷ.2 tiol set
...............................................................................................................................................................................................5
iȀȀǦ
..........................................................................................................
.ͳ role desritio
.......................................................................................................................................................................................6
6.2 AI teholog i E/E/E setǦrelted sstes
..................................................................................................................6
Ǧiiii
........................................................................ 1Ͳ
.ͳ eholog eleets or AI odel retio d eetio
...................................................................................... ͳ0
.2 he threeǦstge relitio riile o AI sste
................................................................................................ ͳ2
.͵ erivig ete riteri or the threeǦstge o the relitio riile
........................................ ͳ2
ͺ ii
....................................................................................................................13
ͺ.ͳ Overview
............................................................................................................................................................................................................... ͳ͵
ͺ.ͳ.ͳ eerl
................................................................................................................................................................................................. ͳ͵
ͺ.ͳ.2 Algoriths d odels
......................................................................................................................................................... ͳ͵
ͺ.2 evel o totio d otrol
.......................................................................................................................................................ͳ4
ͺ.͵ egree o trsre d eliilit
........................................................................................................................... ͳ5
ͺ.4 Isses relted to eviroets
.........................................................................................................................................................ͳ
ͺ.4.ͳ Coleit o the eviroet d vge seiϐitios
......................................................................ͳ
ͺ.4.2 Isses relted to eviroetl hges
..............................................................................................................ͳ
ͺ.4.͵ Isses relted to lerig ro eviroet
.....................................................................................................ͳͺ
ͺ.5 esiliee to dversril d itetiol liios its
.....................................................................................ͳͻ
ͺ.5.ͳ Overview
.............................................................................................................................................................................................ͳͻ
ͺ.5.2 eerl itigtios
....................................................................................................................................................................ͳͻ
ͺ.5.͵ AI odel ttsǣ dversril hie lerig
.............................................................................................ͳͻ
ͺ.6 AI hrdwre isses
...................................................................................................................................................................................... 20
ͺ. trit o the teholog
....................................................................................................................................................................2ͳ
ͻ i ϐiiviii
................................................................................................................................................ ʹ1
ͻ.ͳ Overview
................................................................................................................................................................................................................2ͳ
ͻ.2 roles relted to veriϐitio d vlidtio
................................................................................................................ 22
ͻ.2.ͳ oǦeistee o riori seiϐitio
............................................................................................................ 22
ͻ.2.2 oǦserilit o rtilr sste ehvior
......................................................................................... 22
ͻ.2.͵ iittio o test overge
................................................................................................................................................. 22
ͻ.2.4 oǦreditle tre
......................................................................................................................................................... 22
ͻ.2.5 rits d logǦter ris itigtios
...................................................................................................................... 22
ͻ.͵ ossile soltios
.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 2͵
ͻ.͵.ͳ eerl
................................................................................................................................................................................................. 2͵
ͻ.͵.2 eltioshi etwee dt distritios d AA
.................................................................................. 2͵
ͻ.͵.͵ t rertio d odelǦlevel vlidtio d veriϐitio
...........................................................24
ͻ.͵.4 Choie o AI etris
.................................................................................................................................................................. 25
ͻ.͵.5 SsteǦlevel testig
.................................................................................................................................................................. 25
ͻ.͵.6 itigtig tehies or dtǦsie liittio
................................................................................................. 26
ͻ.͵. otes d dditiol resores
..................................................................................................................................... 26
ͻ.4 irtl d hsil testig
................................................................................................................................................................. 26
ͻ.4.ͳ eerl
................................................................................................................................................................................................. 26
ͻ.4.2 Cosidertios o virtl testig
................................................................................................................................ 26
iii
© ISO/IEC 2024 – All rights reserved
ge
A
Standard-2022
ȀͷͶͻǣʹͲʹͶȋȌ
ͻ.4.͵ Cosidertios o hsil testig ............................................................................................................................. 2ͺ
ͻ.4.4 Evltio o vlerilit to hrdwre rdo ilres
..................................................................... 2ͻ
ͻ.5 oitorig d iidet eed
................................................................................................................................................. 2ͻ
ͻ.6 A ote o elile AI
......................................................................................................................................................................... 2ͻ
1Ͳ iii
............................................................................................................................................................... 3Ͳ
ͳ0.ͳ Overview
............................................................................................................................................................................................................... ͵0
ͳ0.2 AI ssste rhitetrl osidertios
........................................................................................................................... ͵0
ͳ0.2.ͳ Overview
............................................................................................................................................................................................ ͵0
ͳ0.2.2 etetio ehiss or swithig
....................................................................................................................... ͵0
ͳ0.2.͵ se o servisio tio with ostrits to otrol the ehvior o
sste to withi se liits
.............................................................................................................................................. ͵͵
ͳ0.2.4 eddǡ esele oets d diversit
............................................................................................... ͵4
ͳ0.2.5 AI sste desig with sttistil evltio
..................................................................................................... ͵5
ͳ0.͵ Irese the reliilit o ooets otiig AI teholog
..................................................................... ͵5
ͳ0.͵.ͳ Overview o AI ooet ethods
......................................................................................................................... ͵5
ͳ0.͵.2 se o rost lerig
............................................................................................................................................................. ͵5
ͳ0.͵.͵ Otiitio d oressio tehologies
..................................................................................................... ͵6
ͳ0.͵.4 Attetio ehiss
............................................................................................................................................................͵
ͳ0.͵.5 rotetio o the dt d reters
....................................................................................................................͵
11 i
......................................................................................................................................................................... 38
ͳͳ.ͳ eerl
.................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ͵ͺ
ͳͳ.2 eltioshi etwee AI lie le d tiol set lie le
................................................................. ͵ͺ
ͳͳ.͵ AI hses
............................................................................................................................................................................................................... ͵ͻ
ͳͳ.4 oettio d tiol set rtets
................................................................................................................ ͵ͻ
ͳͳ.5 ethodologies
.................................................................................................................................................................................................. ͵ͻ
ͳͳ.5.ͳ Overview
............................................................................................................................................................................................ ͵ͻ
ͳͳ.5.2 lt odels
..................................................................................................................................................................................... ͵ͻ
ͳͳ.5.͵ EA or oϐlie triig o AI teholog
...................................................................................................... 40
ȋiortiveȌiii1ͷͲ8Ǧ3
.......................................................... Ͷ1
ȋiortiveȌiǦiiii
...............................................ͷͶ
ȋiortiveȌiviϐiivii
................ ͷͻ
ȋiortiveȌiȀͷ3381ͷͲ8i
...................................................ʹ
ii
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ͷ
iv
© ISO/IEC 2024 – All rights reserved
A
Standard-2022
ȀͷͶͻǣʹͲʹͶȋȌ
ISO ȋthe Itertiol Orgitio or StdrditioȌ d IEC ȋthe Itertiol Eletrotehil
CoissioȌ or the seilied sste or worldwide stdrditio. tiol odies tht re
eers o ISO or IEC rtiite i the develoet o Ite
rtiol Stdrds throgh tehil
oittees estlished the resetive orgitio to del with rtilr ϐields o tehil tivit.
ISO d IEC tehil oittees ollorte i ϐields o tl iterest. Other itertiol orgitiosǡ
go
veretl d oǦgoveretlǡ i liiso with ISO d IECǡ lso te rt i the wor.
he roedres sed to develo this doet d those iteded or its rther itee re desried
i the ISO/IEC iretivesǡ rt ͳ. I rtilrǡ th
e dieret rovl riteri eeded or the dieret tes
o doet shold e oted. his doet ws drted i orde with the editoril rles o the ISO/
IEC iretivesǡ rt 2 ȋsee www.iso.org/directives or www.iec.ch/eer
seerts/redocsȌ.
ISO d IEC drw ttetio to the ossiilit tht the ileettio o this docet ivolve the
se o ȋȌ tetȋsȌ. ISO d IEC te o ositio cocerig the evideceǡ vlidit or licilit o
clied tet rights i resect thereo. A
s o the dte o lictio o this docetǡ ISO d IEC hd ot
received otice o ȋȌ tetȋsȌ which e reired to ileet this docet. oweverǡ ileeters
re ctioed tht this ot rereset the ltest iortioǡ which e otied
ro the tet
dtse ville t www.iso.org/tets d httsǣ// tets
.iec.ch. ISO d IEC shll ot e held
resosile or idetiig or ll sch tet rights.
A trde e sed i this docet is iortio give or the coveiece o sers d does ot
costitte edorseet.
or eltio o the voltr tre
o stdrdsǡ the eig o ISO seciϐic ters d eressios
relted to coorit ssessetǡ s well s iortio ot ISOs dherece to the orld rde
Orgitio ȋOȌ riciles i the echicl rri
ers to rde ȋȌ see www.iso.org/iso/oreword.htl.
I the IECǡ see www.iec.ch/der
stdigǦstdrds.
his docet ws rered oit echicl Coittee ISO/IEC C ͳǡ ǡ
Scoittee SC 42ǡ ϔ.
A eedc or estios o this docet shold e directed to the serǯs tiol stdrds
od. A colete listig o these odies c e od t www.iso.org/eer
s.htl d
www.iec.ch/ti
olǦcoittees.
v
© ISO/IEC 2024 – All rights reserved
A
Standard-2022
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