pet ownership. NASAs humanoid robot, Robonaut, developed at the Johnson Space
Center is envisioned to be an astronaut’s assistant. The success of these robots hinges
not only on their utility but also on their ability to be responsive to and interact with
people in a natural and intuitive manner.
虽然这些产品与人交往的能力（与人的互动与他们的能力）是有限的，它们
是发展越来越生活化和有更有社会经验的机器人。尽管相距遥远，介导的通信通
过机器人化身将允许一个物理和社会存在的人交流。基于场所的娱乐应用，如博
物馆导游机器人[ 13 ]不仅提供娱乐价值也提供游客感兴趣的信息。与健康相关
的应用正在探索，如机器人保姆帮助老年人，或机器宠物（如欧姆龙的尼克罗）
的目的是提供一些有益健康的宠物。美国宇航局的人形机器人，机器宇航员，在
约翰逊航天中心开发的设想成为一个宇航员的助手。这些机器人的成功不仅取决
于它们自己的功能也取决于他们以自然和直观的方式去回应和与人们互动的能
力。
2. Paradigms of social robots 交际机器人的样式
It is important to recognize that humans are a profoundly social species. Our
social-emotional intelligence is a useful and powerful means for understanding the
behavior of, and for interacting with, some of the most complex entities in our
world—people and other living creatures [12]. Faced with non-living things of
sufficient complexity (i.e., when the observable behavior is not easily understood in
terms of its underlying mechanisms), we often apply a social model to explain,
understand, and predict their behavior as well [15]. For instance, we are all familiar
that people anthropomorphize all sorts of technologies (e.g., cars, computers, etc.).
The studies of Premack and Premack [14] show that people attribute mental states
(i.e., intents, beliefs, feelings, desires, etc.) to describe the behavior of interacting
shapes on a screen. Even Braitenberg [4] often uses such mentalistic terms to describe
the behavior of his ingenious vehicles. Right or wrong, people rely on social models
(or fluidly switch between using a social model with other mental models) to make
complex behavior more familiar and understandable and more intuitive with which to
interact. We do this because it is enjoyable for us, and it is often surprisingly quite
useful.
认识到人类是一个深刻的社会物种很重要。我们的社会情绪智力是一个有用
的和强大的理解行为方式，并与我们的世界中一些人和其他生物的[ 12 ]最复杂
的实体互动。面对非生物足够的复杂性，（即，当观察到的行为在机制方面不是
很容易理解）我们经常应用社会模型来解释，理解，和预测他们的行为[ 15 ]。
