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**PIC16C5X系列概述**
PIC16C5X是Microchip公司推出的一系列高性能、低功耗的RISC(精简指令集计算机)单片机。这些微控制器适用于各种嵌入式系统设计,尤其适合那些需要简单、高效处理器的场合。数据手册包含了以下型号:PIC16C54、PIC16CR54、PIC16C55、PIC16CR55、PIC16C56、PIC16CR56、PIC16C57、PIC16CR57、PIC16C58和PIC16CR58。
**核心处理器特性**
- **指令集**:PIC16C5X拥有33条单一字节指令,这使得学习和编程变得非常简洁。
- **执行速度**:在直流电源下,时钟输入可达40MHz,指令周期仅为100ns,提供高速处理能力。
- **12位指令宽度**:与8位宽的数据路径相结合,保证了高效的运算效率。
- **硬件寄存器**:具有7或8个特殊功能的硬件寄存器,以增强系统功能。
- **硬件堆栈**:两层深的硬件堆栈支持函数调用和返回操作。
- **寻址模式**:支持直接、间接和相对寻址模式,为数据和指令提供了灵活的访问方式。
**外设功能**
- **实时计时器/计数器(TMR0)**:带有8位可编程预分频器,用于时间管理和中断。
- **上电复位(POR)**:确保设备启动时处于已知状态。
- **设备复位定时器(DRT)**:检测系统故障并执行复位操作。
- **看门狗定时器(WDT)**:自带片上RC振荡器,确保可靠运行。
- **程序代码保护**:防止未经授权的程序修改。
- **睡眠模式**:节省电源,降低待机功耗。
- **振荡器选项**:包括RC、XT、HS和LP四种模式,适应不同应用场景的频率需求。
**CMOS技术**
- **低功耗、高速CMOS**:采用EPROM/ROM技术,设计完全静态,能在宽电压和温度范围内稳定工作。
- **低功耗**:在不同电源和频率下,功耗极低,如5V、4MHz时典型电流小于2mA,3V、32kHz时典型电流仅为15μA,而3V、待机状态下(WDT关闭)典型电流小于0.6μA。
**设备规格**
- **引脚数**:不同型号的引脚数从18到28不等,以满足不同封装和功能需求。
- **内存**:内存大小从12512到2K72不等,涵盖ROM和EEPROM两种类型。
- **RAM**:部分型号内置RAM,大小从12到2K不等,用于临时存储数据。
**总结**
PIC16C5X系列是Microchip公司提供的强大且经济高效的8位单片机解决方案,其简洁的指令集、高速的处理能力和丰富的外设接口使其成为许多嵌入式系统开发者的首选。结合FPGA(现场可编程门阵列)可以实现更复杂的设计,例如构建定制的RISC CPU。由于其低功耗特性,这些微控制器特别适用于电池供电或对能耗敏感的应用。通过选择不同的振荡器模式和睡眠模式,开发者可以优化系统的性能和能效。
1997-2013 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS30453E-page 1
PIC16C5X
Devices Included in this Data Sheet:
•PIC16C54
• PIC16CR54
•PIC16C55
•PIC16C56
• PIC16CR56
•PIC16C57
• PIC16CR57
•PIC16C58
• PIC16CR58
High-Performance RISC CPU:
• Only 33 single word instructions to learn
• All instructions are single cycle except for pro-
gram branches which are two-cycle
• Operating speed: DC - 40 MHz clock input
DC - 100 ns instruction cycle
• 12-bit wide instructions
• 8-bit wide data path
• Seven or eight special function hardware registers
• Two-level deep hardware stack
• Direct, indirect and relative addressing modes for
data and instructions
Peripheral Features:
• 8-bit real time clock/counter (TMR0) with 8-bit
programmable prescaler
• Power-on Reset (POR)
• Device Reset Timer (DRT)
• Watchdog Timer (WDT) with its own on-chip
RC oscillator for reliable operation
• Programmable Code Protection
• Power saving SLEEP mode
• Selectable oscillator options:
- RC: Low cost RC oscillator
- XT: Standard crystal/resonator
- HS: High speed crystal/resonator
- LP: Power saving, low frequency crystal
CMOS Technology:
• Low power, high speed CMOS EPROM/ROM tech-
nology
• Fully static design
• Wide operating voltage and temperature range:
- EPROM Commercial/Industrial 2.0V to 6.25V
- ROM Commercial/Industrial 2.0V to 6.25V
- EPROM Extended 2.5V to 6.0V
- ROM Extended 2.5V to 6.0V
• Low power consumption
- < 2 mA typical @ 5V, 4 MHz
-15 A typical @ 3V, 32 kHz
- < 0.6 A typical standby current
(with WDT disabled) @ 3V, 0C to 70C
Note: PIC16C5X refers to all revisions of the part
(i.e., PIC16C54 refers to PIC16C54,
PIC16C54A, and PIC16C54C), unless
specifically called out otherwise.
Device Pins I/O
EPROM/
ROM
RAM
PIC16C54 18 12 512 25
PIC16C54A 18 12 512 25
PIC16C54C 18 12 512 25
PIC16CR54A 18 12 512 25
PIC16CR54C 18 12 512 25
PIC16C55 28 20 512 24
PIC16C55A 28 20 512 24
PIC16C56 18 12 1K 25
PIC16C56A 18 12 1K 25
PIC16CR56A 18 12 1K 25
PIC16C57 28 20 2K 72
PIC16C57C 28 20 2K 72
PIC16CR57C 28 20 2K 72
PIC16C58B 18 12 2K 73
PIC16CR58B 18 12 2K 73
Note: In this document, figure and table titles
refer to all varieties of the part number indi-
cated, (i.e., The title “Figure 15-1: Load
Conditions For Device Timing Specifica-
tions - PIC16C54A”, also refers to
PIC16LC54A and PIC16LV54A parts),
unless specifically called out otherwise.
EPROM/ROM-Based 8-bit CMOS Microcontroller Series
PIC16C5X
DS30453E-page 2 Preliminary 1997-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
Pin Diagrams
Device Differences
Note 1: If you change from this device to another device, please verify oscillator characteristics in your application.
Device
Voltage
Range
Oscillator
Selection
(Program)
Oscillator
Process
Technology
(Microns)
ROM
Equivalent
MCLR
Filter
PIC16C54 2.5-6.25 Factory See Note 1 1.2 PIC16CR54A No
PIC16C54A 2.0-6.25 User See Note 1 0.9 — No
PIC16C54C 2.5-5.5 User See Note 1 0.7 PIC16CR54C Yes
PIC16C55 2.5-6.25 Factory See Note 1 1.7 — No
PIC16C55A 2.5-5.5 User See Note 1 0.7 — Yes
PIC16C56 2.5-6.25 Factory See Note 1 1.7 — No
PIC16C56A 2.5-5.5 User See Note 1 0.7 PIC16CR56A Yes
PIC16C57 2.5-6.25 Factory See Note 1 1.2 — No
PIC16C57C 2.5-5.5 User See Note 1 0.7 PIC16CR57C Yes
PIC16C58B 2.5-5.5 User See Note 1 0.7 PIC16CR58B Yes
PIC16CR54A 2.5-6.25 Factory See Note 1 1.2 N/A Yes
PIC16CR54C 2.5-5.5 Factory See Note 1 0.7 N/A Yes
PIC16CR56A 2.5-5.5 Factory See Note 1 0.7 N/A Yes
PIC16CR57C 2.5-5.5 Factory See Note 1 0.7 N/A Yes
PIC16CR58B 2.5-5.5 Factory See Note 1 0.7 N/A Yes
PDIP, SOIC, Windowed CERDIP
PIC16CR54
PIC16C58
PIC16CR58
PIC16C54
RA1
RA0
OSC1/CLKIN
OSC2/CLKOUT
V
DD
VDD
RB7
RB6
RB5
RB4
RA2
RA3
T0CKI
MCLR
/VPP
VSS
VSS
RB0
RB1
RB2
RB3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
SSOP
PIC16C56
PIC16CR56
PIC16CR54
PIC16C58
PIC16CR58
PIC16C54
PIC16C56
PIC16CR56
RA2
RA3
T0CKI
MCLR
/VPP
VSS
RB0
RB1
RB2
RB3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
RA1
RA0
OSC1/CLKIN
OSC2/CLKOUT
V
DD
RB7
RB6
RB5
RB4
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
•1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
PDIP, SOIC, Windowed CERDIP
PIC16C57
PIC16C55
MCLR/VPP
OSC1/CLKIN
OSC2/CLKOUT
RC7
RC6
RC5
RC4
RC3
RC2
RC1
RC0
RB7
RB6
RB5
T0CKI
V
DD
VSS
RA0
RA1
RA2
RA3
RB0
RB1
RB2
RB3
RB4
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
SSOP
PIC16C55
VDD
VSS
PIC16CR57
PIC16CR57
T0CKI
V
DD
N/C
V
SS
N/C
RA0
RA1
RA2
RA3
RB0
RB1
RB2
RB3
RB4
MCLR
/VPP
OSC1/CLKIN
OSC2/CLKOUT
RC7
RC6
RC5
RC4
RC3
RC2
RC1
RC0
RB7
RB6
RB5
PIC16C57
Note: The table shown above shows the generic names of the PIC16C5X devices. For device varieties, please
refer to Section 2.0.
1997-2013 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS30453E-page 3
PIC16C5X
Table of Contents
1.0 General Description...................................................................................................................................................................... 5
2.0 PIC16C5X Device Varieties ......................................................................................................................................................... 7
3.0 Architectural Overview ................................................................................................................................................................ 9
4.0 Oscillator Configurations ............................................................................................................................................................ 15
5.0 Reset.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 19
6.0 Memory Organization................................................................................................................................................................. 25
7.0 I/O Ports ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 35
8.0 Timer0 Module and TMR0 Register ........................................................................................................................................... 37
9.0 Special Features of the CPU...................................................................................................................................................... 43
10.0 Instruction Set Summary............................................................................................................................................................ 49
11.0 Development Support................................................................................................................................................................. 61
12.0 Electrical Characteristics - PIC16C54/55/56/57 ......................................................................................................................... 67
13.0 Electrical Characteristics - PIC16CR54A ................................................................................................................................... 79
14.0 Device Characterization - PIC16C54/55/56/57/CR54A.............................................................................................................. 91
15.0 Electrical Characteristics - PIC16C54A.................................................................................................................................... 103
16.0 Device Characterization - PIC16C54A..................................................................................................................................... 117
17.0 Electrical Characteristics - PIC16C54C/CR54C/C55A/C56A/CR56A/C57C/CR57C/C58B/CR58B ........................................ 131
18.0 Device Characterization - PIC16C54C/CR54C/C55A/C56A/CR56A/C57C/CR57C/C58B/CR58B.......................................... 145
19.0 Electrical Characteristics - PIC16C54C/C55A/C56A/C57C/C58B 40MHz............................................................................... 155
20.0 Device Characterization - PIC16C54C/C55A/C56A/C57C/C58B 40MHz ................................................................................ 165
21.0 Packaging Information.............................................................................................................................................................. 171
Appendix A: Compatibility ............................................................................................................................................................. 182
On-Line Support................................................................................................................................................................................. 187
Reader Response .............................................................................................................................................................................. 188
Product Identification System ............................................................................................................................................................ 189
TO OUR VALUED CUSTOMERS
It is our intention to provide our valued customers with the best documentation possible to ensure successful use of your Microchip
products. To this end, we will continue to improve our publications to better suit your needs. Our publications will be refined and
enhanced as new volumes and updates are introduced.
If you have any questions or comments regarding this publication, please contact the Marketing Communications Department via
E-mail at docerrors@mail.microchip.com or fax the Reader Response Form in the back of this data sheet to (480) 792-4150.
We welcome your feedback.
Most Current Data Sheet
To obtain the most up-to-date version of this data sheet, please register at our Worldwide Web site at:
http://www.microchip.com
You can determine the version of a data sheet by examining its literature number found on the bottom outside corner of any page.
The last character of the literature number is the version number, (e.g., DS30000A is version A of document DS30000).
Errata
An errata sheet, describing minor operational differences from the data sheet and recommended workarounds, may exist for current
devices. As device/documentation issues become known to us, we will publish an errata sheet. The errata will specify the revision
of silicon and revision of document to which it applies.
To determine if an errata sheet exists for a particular device, please check with one of the following:
• Microchip’s Worldwide Web site; http://www.microchip.com
• Your local Microchip sales office (see last page)
• The Microchip Corporate Literature Center; U.S. FAX: (480) 792-7277
When contacting a sales office or the literature center, please specify which device, revision of silicon and data sheet (include liter-
ature number) you are using.
Customer Notification System
Register on our web site at www.microchip.com/cn to receive the most current information on all of our products.
PIC16C5X
DS30453E-page 4 Preliminary 1997-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.
NOTES:
1997-2013 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS30453E-page 5
PIC16C5X
1.0 GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The PIC16C5X from Microchip Technology is a family
of low cost, high performance, 8-bit fully static,
EPROM/ROM-based CMOS microcontrollers. It
employs a RISC architecture with only 33 single word/
single cycle instructions. All instructions are single
cycle except for program branches which take two
cycles. The PIC16C5X delivers performance in an
order of magnitude higher than its competitors in the
same price category. The 12-bit wide instructions are
highly symmetrical resulting in 2:1 code compression
over other 8-bit microcontrollers in its class. The easy
to use and easy to remember instruction set reduces
development time significantly.
The PIC16C5X products are equipped with special fea-
tures that reduce system cost and power requirements.
The Power-on Reset (POR) and Device Reset Timer
(DRT) eliminate the need for external RESET circuitry.
There are four oscillator configurations to choose from,
including the power saving LP (Low Power) oscillator
and cost saving RC oscillator. Power saving SLEEP
mode, Watchdog Timer and Code Protection features
improve system cost, power and reliability.
The UV erasable CERDIP packaged versions are ideal
for code development, while the cost effective One
Time Programmable (OTP) versions are suitable for
production in any volume. The customer can take full
advantage of Microchip’s price leadership in OTP
microcontrollers, while benefiting from the OTP’s
flexibility.
The PIC16C5X products are supported by a full fea-
tured macro assembler, a software simulator, an in-cir-
cuit emulator, a low cost development programmer and
a full featured programmer. All the tools are supported
on IBM
PC and compatible machines.
1.1 Applications
The PIC16C5X series fits perfectly in applications rang-
ing from high speed automotive and appliance motor
control to low power remote transmitters/receivers,
pointing devices and telecom processors. The EPROM
technology makes customizing application programs
(transmitter codes, motor speeds, receiver frequen-
cies, etc.) extremely fast and convenient. The small
footprint packages, for through hole or surface mount-
ing, make this microcontroller series perfect for applica-
tions with space limitations. Low cost, low power, high
performance ease of use and I/O flexibility make the
PIC16C5X series very versatile even in areas where no
microcontroller use has been considered before (e.g.,
timer functions, replacement of “glue” logic in larger
systems, co-processor applications).
8-Bit EPROM/ROM-Based CMOS Microcontrollers
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