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<html><head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"> <title>Chapter 5. Basic O/R Mapping</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="../shared/css/html.css" type="text/css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.65.1"><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="HIBERNATE - Relational Persistence for Idiomatic Java"><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="HIBERNATE - Relational Persistence for Idiomatic Java"><link rel="previous" href="persistent-classes.html" title="Chapter 4. Persistent Classes"><link rel="next" href="collections.html" title="Chapter 6. Collection Mapping"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter 5. Basic O/R Mapping</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="persistent-classes.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center"> </th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="collections.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="chapter" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a name="mapping"></a>Chapter 5. Basic O/R Mapping</h2></div></div><div></div></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="mapping-declaration"></a>5.1. Mapping declaration</h2></div></div><div></div></div><p> Object/relational mappings are usually defined in an XML document. The mapping document is designed to be readable and hand-editable. The mapping language is Java-centric, meaning that mappings are constructed around persistent class declarations, not table declarations. </p><p> Note that, even though many Hibernate users choose to write the XML by hand, a number of tools exist to generate the mapping document, including XDoclet, Middlegen and AndroMDA. </p><p> Lets kick off with an example mapping: </p><a name="mapping-declaration-ex1"></a><pre class="programlisting"><?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping package="eg"> <class name="Cat" table="cats" discriminator-value="C"> <id name="id"> <generator class="native"/> </id> <discriminator column="subclass" type="character"/> <property name="weight"/> <property name="birthdate" type="date" not-null="true" update="false"/> <property name="color" type="eg.types.ColorUserType" not-null="true" update="false"/> <property name="sex" not-null="true" update="false"/> <property name="litterId" column="litterId" update="false"/> <many-to-one name="mother" column="mother_id" update="false"/> <set name="kittens" inverse="true" order-by="litter_id"> <key column="mother_id"/> <one-to-many class="Cat"/> </set> <subclass name="DomesticCat" discriminator-value="D"> <property name="name" type="string"/> </subclass> </class> <class name="Dog">  </class> </hibernate-mapping></pre><p> We will now discuss the content of the mapping document. We will only describe the document elements and attributes that are used by Hibernate at runtime. The mapping document also contains some extra optional attributes and elements that affect the database schemas exported by the schema export tool. (For example the <tt class="literal"> not-null</tt> attribute.) </p><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="mapping-declaration-doctype"></a>5.1.1. Doctype</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p> All XML mappings should declare the doctype shown. The actual DTD may be found at the URL above, in the directory <tt class="literal">hibernate-x.x.x/src/org/hibernate </tt> or in <tt class="literal">hibernate3.jar</tt>. Hibernate will always look for the DTD in its classpath first. If you experience lookups of the DTD using an Internet connection, check your DTD declaration against the contents of your claspath. </p><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="mapping-declaration-entity-resolution"></a>5.1.1.1. EntityResolver</h4></div></div><div></div></div><p> As mentioned previously, Hibernate will first attempt to resolve DTDs in its classpath. The manner in which it does this is by registering a custom <tt class="literal">org.xml.sax.EntityResolver</tt> implementation with the SAXReader it uses to read in the xml files. This custom <tt class="literal">EntityResolver</tt> recognizes two different systemId namespaces. </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p> a <tt class="literal">hibernate namespace</tt> is recognized whenever the resolver encounteres a systemId starting with <tt class="literal">http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/</tt>; the resolver attempts to resolve these entities via the classlaoder which loaded the Hibernate classes. </p></li><li><p> a <tt class="literal">user namespace</tt> is recognized whenever the resolver encounteres a systemId using a <tt class="literal">classpath://</tt> URL protocol; the resolver will attempt to resolve these entities via (1) the current thread context classloader and (2) the classloader which loaded the Hibernate classes. </p></li></ul></div><p> An example of utilizing user namespacing: </p><pre class="programlisting"><?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd" [ <!ENTITY types SYSTEM "classpath://your/domain/types.xml"> ]> <hibernate-mapping package="your.domain"> <class name="MyEntity"> <id name="id" type="my-custom-id-type"> ... </id> <class> &types; </hibernate-mapping></pre><p> Where <tt class="literal">types.xml</tt> is a resource in the <tt class="literal">your.domain</tt> package and contains a custom <a href="mapping.html#mapping-types-custom" title="5.2.3. Custom value types">Section 5.2.3, “Custom value types”</a>.