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图像增强技术样本.pdf
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2023-03-13
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摘 要
图像增强是指根据图像所存在问题,按特定需要突出一幅图像中某些信息,同步,
削弱或去除某些冗余信息解决办法。其重要目是使得解决后图像对给定应用比本来图像
更加有效同步可以有效改进图像质量。图像增强技术重要包括直方图修改解决、图像平
滑化解决、图像尖锐化解决和彩色解决技术等。
图像增强单纯从技术上可提成两大类:一类是频域解决法;一类是空域解决法。 空
间域算法分为点运算算法和邻域去噪算法。点运算算法即灰度级校正、灰度变换和直方
图修正等,目或使图像成像均匀,或扩大图像动态范畴,扩展对比度。邻域增强算法分
为图像平滑和锐化两种。平滑普通用于消除图像噪声,但是也容易引起边沿模糊。锐化
目在于突出物体边沿轮廓,便于目的记别。本文先对图像增强原理进行概述,然后对图
像增强办法分类并给出直方图增强、对比度增强,平滑和锐化等几种惯用增强办法、彩
色图像增强理论基本,通过 MATLAB 实验得出实际解决效果来对比各种算法优缺陷,
讨论不同增强算法技术要点,并对其图像增强办法进行性能评价。
核心词:图像增强;直方图;平滑;锐化
Abstract
Image enhancement is based on the problems existing in the images ,according to the
specific need to highlight some of the information in an image,at the same time,to weaken or
remove some redundant information processing method. Its main purpose is to make the
image after processing for a given application is more effective than the original image at the
same time can effectively improve the image quality. Image enhancement technology mainly
includes histogram modification , image smoothing processing , image intensification
processing and color processing technology,etc.
Image enhancement is pure from the technology can be divided into two categories:one
is frequency domain processing method;One kind is spatial processing method.Spatial
domain algorithm is divided into the neighborhood denoising arithmetic algorithm and
algorithm.Algorithm namely grayscale correction arithmetic,such as gray transform and
histogram modification,purpose or for uniform image imaging,or expand the dynamic range
image,expand the contrast.Neighborhood enhancement algorithm into image smoothing and
sharpening two kinds.Smooth generally used to eliminate image noise,but also easy to cause
the edge of the fuzzy.Sharpen the purpose is to highlight the edge contour of the object ,is
advantageous for the target identification.This paper first summarized the principle of image
enhancement,and image enhancement method of classification and histogram enhancement,
contrast enhancement,such as smoothing and sharpening of several common enhancement
method,the theoretical basis of color image enhancement,through practical processing effect
of MATLAB experiment compared the advantages and disadvantages of various algorithms,
discussed the main technical points of the different enhancement algorithm,and its image
enhancement method for performance evaluation.
Keywords : image enhancement ;histogram enhancement ;smoothing
sharpening
目 录
1 绪 论 ...................................................................................................................................... 0
2 数字图像解决简介 ................................................................................................................ 1
2.1 数字图像解决概述..................................................................................................... 1
2.2 图像解决文献格式.................................................................................................... 3
2.2.1 MATLAB 图像文献格式 .............................................................................. 3
2.2.2 图像类型 ....................................................................................................... 4
3 MATLAB 基本知识............................................................................................................... 5
3.1 MATLAB 简介 ........................................................................................................... 5
3.2 MATLAB 在图像解决中应用 .................................................................................. 6
4 图像增强办法及仿真实现 .................................................................................................... 8
4.1 直方图增强................................................................................................................. 9
4.1.1 直方图 ............................................................................................................ 9
4.1.2 直方图均衡化 .............................................................................................. 10
4.1.3 图像二值化 .................................................................................................. 13
4.2 对比度增强............................................................................................................... 14
4.2.1 灰度调节 ...................................................................................................... 15
4.2.2Gamma 校正.................................................................................................. 17
4.3 平滑滤波................................................................................................................... 18
4.3.1 线性平滑滤波 .............................................................................................. 18
4.3.2 非线性平滑滤波器 ...................................................................................... 20
4.4 锐化........................................................................................................................... 27
4.4.1 线性锐化滤波器 .......................................................................................... 27
4.4.2 非线性锐化滤波器 ...................................................................................... 29
4.5 小波变换进行图像增强........................................................................................... 32
4.6 彩色增强................................................................................................................... 33
4.6.1 伪彩色增强 .................................................................................................. 34
4.6.2 真彩色增强 .................................................................................................. 36
4.6.3 假彩色增强 .................................................................................................. 37
5 结 论 .................................................................................................................................... 39
致 谢 ........................................................................................................................................ 40
参照文献 .................................................................................................................................. 41
附录 A 英文文献 .................................................................................................................... 41
附录 B 英文文献翻译 ............................................................................................................ 53
附录 C 源代码 ........................................................................................................................ 59
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